Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation

Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation
Author: Trudy Govier
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2019-11-05
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 3110859246

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Argument Evaluation and Evidence

Argument Evaluation and Evidence
Author: Douglas Walton
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 297
Release: 2015-08-04
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 331919626X

​This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.

Evaluating the Language of Argument

Evaluating the Language of Argument
Author: Martin Hinton
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 235
Release: 2020-11-30
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3030616940

This book is concerned with the evaluation of natural argumentative discourse, and, in particular, with the language in which arguments are expressed. It introduces a systematic procedure for the analysis and assessment of arguments, which is designed to be a practical tool, and may be considered a pseudo-algorithm for argument evaluation. The first half of the book lays the theoretical groundwork, with a thorough examination of both the nature of language and the nature of argument. This leads to a definition of argumentation as reasoning expressed within a procedure, which itself yields the three frames of analysis used in the evaluation procedure: Process, Reasoning, and Expression. The second half begins with a detailed discussion of the concept of fallacy, with particular attention on fallacies of language, their origin and their effects. A new way of looking at fallacies emerges from these chapters, and it is that conception, together with the understanding of the nature of argumentation described in earlier sections, which ultimately provides the support for the Comprehensive Assessment Procedure for Natural Argumentation. The first two levels of this innovative procedure are outlined, while the third, that dealing with language, and involving the development of an Informal Argument Semantics, is fully described. The use of the system, and its power of analysis, are illustrated through the evaluation of a variety of examples of argumentative texts.

Arguing on the Toulmin Model

Arguing on the Toulmin Model
Author: David Hitchcock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2007-01-24
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1402049382

In The Uses of Argument (1958), Stephen Toulmin proposed a model for the layout of arguments: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Since then, Toulmin’s model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. This book assembles the best contemporary reflection in these fields, extending or challenging Toulmin’s ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments.

Advanced R

Advanced R
Author: Hadley Wickham
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 669
Release: 2015-09-15
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1498759807

An Essential Reference for Intermediate and Advanced R Programmers Advanced R presents useful tools and techniques for attacking many types of R programming problems, helping you avoid mistakes and dead ends. With more than ten years of experience programming in R, the author illustrates the elegance, beauty, and flexibility at the heart of R. The book develops the necessary skills to produce quality code that can be used in a variety of circumstances. You will learn: The fundamentals of R, including standard data types and functions Functional programming as a useful framework for solving wide classes of problems The positives and negatives of metaprogramming How to write fast, memory-efficient code This book not only helps current R users become R programmers but also shows existing programmers what’s special about R. Intermediate R programmers can dive deeper into R and learn new strategies for solving diverse problems while programmers from other languages can learn the details of R and understand why R works the way it does.

Encyclopedia of Evaluation

Encyclopedia of Evaluation
Author: Sandra Mathison
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 526
Release: 2005
Genre: Reference
ISBN: 9780761926092

The 'Encyclopedia of Evaluation' recognises the growth of evaluation around the world & highlights all the major contributions to the field. There are over 400 entries organised alphabetically.

GMAT Official Guide 2024-2025: Book + Online Question Bank

GMAT Official Guide 2024-2025: Book + Online Question Bank
Author: GMAC (Graduate Management Admission Council)
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 887
Release: 2024-05-29
Genre: Study Aids
ISBN: 1394260024

GMAT Official Guide 2024-2025: Includes Book + Online Question Bank + Digital Flashcards + Mobile App Power up your prep with the GMAT Official Guide, the only study guide that features real exam questions. You’ll get exclusive tips and tricks directly from the exam creators and gain access to 900+ practice questions to set you up for success on test day. Highlights: Updated Data Insights, Quantitative Review and Verbal Review chapters to master each section of the GMAT exam Access to an Online Question Bank to create custom practice sets by questions type and difficulty level so that you can plan your individual practice Exclusive access to online diagnostic evaluations to discover your strengths and focus areas Detailed answer explanations to master the reasoning behind the answers New! Get exclusive exam preparation tips from test prep organizations Use this guide to: Master the exam structure and excel in each section Understand key concepts with review chapters Gain confidence in all question types (featuring 100+ new questions!) Review detailed explanations to understand correct and incorrect answers New! Practice with two-part analysis questions in the book PLUS! Focus your studying with the Online Question Bank – Bonus: included with purchase! Tailor your practice by building practice sets targeting question type and difficulty Discover your strengths and weaknesses with diagnostic quizzes Track your focus areas and progress with key metrics Reinforce concepts with flashcards and engaging games Challenge yourself with timed practice Use digital flashcards to master key concepts, also accessible on the mobile app The Online Question Bank is accessible through your mba.com account.

Computational Models of Argument

Computational Models of Argument
Author: P. Baroni
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 500
Release: 2010
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1607506181

Presents papers from the Third Conference on Computational Models of Argument, held in September 2010 in Desanzano del Garda, Italy. Providing a view of this important research field, this book is of interest to those involved in the use and development of artificial intelligence systems.

Inside Arguments

Inside Arguments
Author: Henrique Jales Ribeiro
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2012-04-25
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1443839310

This volume includes a collection of eighteen essays that provide a decisive input to the study of logic and argumentation theory by some of the finest specialists in these areas, covering the main schools of thought and contemporary trends at the beginning of the 21st century. In these essays, the authors clarify the status of what we currently call, ambiguously and problematically, “logic” and “argumentation theory”, and discuss the no less controversial issue of the relationship between these two concepts when applied to the study of argumentation and its problems. At the same time, they take stock of the most recent developments of argumentation theory considered as an ongoing research subject. It is the first time in the last few decades that a work this comprehensive and up-to-date on such matters has been published. This volume is an essential tool for all of those interested in the study of the relations between logic and argumentation, particularly at the university level. It provides not only an introduction to these subjects, but also the necessary framework for further specialised research development in the future.

Informal Logic

Informal Logic
Author: Wayne Grennan
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Total Pages: 332
Release: 1997
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780773515420

Grennan bases his evaluation of arguments on two criteria: logical adequacy and pragmatic adequacy. He asserts that the common formal logic systems, while logically sound, are not very useful for evaluating everyday inferences, which are almost all deductively invalid as stated. Turning to informal logic, he points out that while more recent informal logic and critical thinking texts are superior in that their authors recognize the need to evaluate everyday arguments inductively, they typically cover only inductive fallacies, ignoring the inductively sound patterns frequently used in successful persuasion. To redress these problems, Grennan introduces a variety of additional inductive patterns. Concluding that informal logic texts do not encourage precision in evaluating arguments, Grennan proposes a new argument evaluation procedure that expresses judgments of inferential strength in terms of probabilities. Based on theories of Stephen Toulmin, Roderick Chisholm, and John Pollock, his proposed system allows for a more precise judgment of the persuasive force of arguments.