Arctic Ocean
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| Author | : Guillermo Auad |
| Publisher | : Fundacion BBVA |
| Total Pages | : 264 |
| Release | : 2021-05-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 8492937823 |
Climate change in the Arctic Ocean has stirred a remarkable surge of interest and concern. Study after study has revealed the astonishing speed of physical, chemical, ecological, and economic change throughout the expanse of the Arctic. What is more, the consequences of the changing Arctic are not restricted to the Arctic itself, but affect everyone in the Northern Hemisphere, ranging as they do from extreme weather to resource availability and food security, with implications for politics, economics, and sociology. The challenge is to comprehend the full extent and variety of these consequences, and meeting this challenge will demand a multi- and transdisciplinary understanding. Only by this means can we hope to map out a knowledge-based ecosystem and move toward knowledge-based resource management—the essential precondition for any sustainable future. In this book, leading international experts, from many felds of science and across the entire pan-Arctic region, give their specifc takes on where the Arctic Ocean is heading. All have taken care in their writing not to exclude non-experts, in the conviction that multi- and transdisciplinarity can only be achieved when communication and outreach are not tribal in nature. The recurrent guiding theme throughout these pages is “Whith -er the Arctic Ocean?” Taken in concert, the essays synthesize the current state of scientifc knowledge to project how climate change may impact on the Arctic Ocean and the continents around it. How can and how should we prepare for the imminent future that is already lapping at the threshold of the commons? What readers will hopefully take from this multi- and transdisciplinary endeavor is not the individual perspective of each contribution, but the picture that emerges across the entire suite of essays. As we move into a near future that will encompass both the probable and surprises, this book attempts to conjure the multi-dimensional space in which a sustainable future must be brought into being.
| Author | : Paul Arthur Berkman |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 478 |
| Release | : 2012-11-29 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9400747136 |
This seminal book results from a NATO Advanced Research Workshop at the University of Cambridge with Russian co-directorship, enabling the first formal dialogue between NATO and Russia about security issues in the Arctic Ocean. Involving interdisciplinary participation with experts from 17 nations, including all of the Arctic states, this workshop itself reflects progress in Arctic cooperation and collaboration. Interests now are awakening globally to take advantage of extensive energy, shipping, fishing and tourism opportunities in the Arctic Ocean as it is being transformed from a permanent sea-ice cap to a seasonally ice-free sea. This environmental state-change is introducing inherent risks of political, economic and cultural instabilities that are centralized among the Arctic states and indigenous peoples with repercussions globally. Responding with urgency, environmental security is presented as an "integrated approach for assessing and responding to the risks as well as the opportunities generated by an environmental state-change." In this book – diverse perspectives on environmental security in the Arctic Ocean are shared in chapters from high-level diplomats, parliamentarians and government officials of Arctic and non-Arctic states; leaders of Arctic indigenous peoples organizations; international law advisors from Arctic states as well as the United Nations; directors of inter-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations; managers of multi-national corporations; political scientists, historians and economists; along with Earth system scientists and oceanographers. Building on the “common arctic issues” of “sustainable development and environmental protection” established by the Arctic Council – environmental security offers an holistic approach to assess opportunities and risks as well as develop infrastructure responses with law of the sea as the key “international legal framework” to “promote the peaceful uses” of the Arctic Ocean. With vision for future generations, environmental security is a path to balance national interests and common interests in the Arctic Ocean for the lasting benefit of all.
| Author | : Samantha Nugent |
| Publisher | : Weigl Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2017-08-01 |
| Genre | : Juvenile Nonfiction |
| ISBN | : 1489647341 |
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the five oceans. Its surface is almost entirely covered in ice. While this frigid body of water may seem inhospitable to life, in reality, millions of unique plants and animals thrive below the ice. The Our Five Oceans series features stunning visuals, detailed maps, educational debates, and challenging research activities. Each book explores key topics such as ocean life, ecosystems, and environmental issues, in order to help readers better understand the importance of protecting the world’s oceans.
| Author | : R. Stein |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 607 |
| Release | : 2008-07-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080558852 |
Although it is generally accepted that the Arctic Ocean is a very sensitive and important region for changes in the global climate, this region is the last major physiographic province of the earth whose short-and long-term geological history is much less known in comparison to other ocean regions. This lack of knowledge is mainly caused by the major technological/logistic problems in reaching this harsh, ice-covered region with normal research vessels and in retrieving long and undisturbed sediment cores. During the the last about 20 years, however, several international and multidisciplinary ship expeditions, including the first scientific drilling on Lomonosov Ridge in 2004, a break-through in Arctic research, were carried out into the central Artic and its surrounding shelf seas. Results from these expeditions have greatly advanced our knowledge on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironments. Published syntheses about the knowledge on Arctic Ocean geology, on the other hand, are based on data available prior to 1990. A comprehensive compilation of data on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironment and its short-and long-term variability based on the huge amount of new data including the ACEX drilling data, has not been available yet. With this book, presenting (1) detailed information on glacio-marine sedimentary processes and geological proxies used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and (2) detailed geological data on modern environments, Quaternary variability on different time scales as well as the long-term climate history during Mesozoic-Tertiary times, this gap in knowledge will be filled.*Aimed at specialists and graduates *Presents background research, recent developments, and future trends*Written by a leading scholar and industry expert
| Author | : Alan Nairn |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 684 |
| Release | : 2013-11-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1475712480 |
This trip backward in time capsulizes in a general way the geologic development of the area that is now northern Alaska. The Cretaceous through Recent history is predominantly one of erosion of the ancient Brooks Range and filling of the Colville Geosyncline under processes like those in Operation today. All the rocks older than Jurassic, however, were deposited far from their present sites. One of the intriguing tectonic puzzles involves the geographic positions and relative timing of events that occurred during the orogeny that built the Brooks Range. I suggest that pre-Cretaceous deposition took place far to the north along the western margin of the Caledonides. Subsequently, the region that is now northern Alaska moved southward and impinged upon a northward moving plate, or plates, from the Pacific region. Interactions between these two major parts of the earth's crust produced the Brooks Range during the Jurassic. Later developments reflect continuing readjustments of the northern third of of thrust Alaska as southward movement was dissipated in diverse systems faulting and lateral displacement. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to many colleagues who, during the past 30 years, shared with me the excitement and pleasures of exploring the geology of northern Alaska. Among these are W. P. Brosge, H. N. Reiser, R. L. Detterman, A. K. Armstrong, A. L. Bowsher, E. G. Sable, I. L. Tailleur, C. G. Mull, M. D. Mangus, A. H. Lachenbruch, M. C. Lachenbruch, R. L. Morris, C. J.
| Author | : Yvonne Herman |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 887 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461306779 |
The Arctic region has long held a fascination for explorers and scientists of many countries. Despite the numerous voyages of exploration, the na ture of the central Arctic was unknown only 90 years ago; it was believed to be a shallow sea dotted with islands. During Nansen's historic voyage on the polarship Fram, which commenced in 1893, the great depth of the central basin was discovered. In the Soviet Union, investigation of the Arctic Ocean became national policy after 1917. Today research at several scientific institutions there is devoted primarily to the study of the North Polar Ocean and seas. The systematic exploration of the Arctic by the United States com menced in 1951. Research has been conducted year-round from drifting ice islands, which are tabular fragments of glacier ice that break away from ice shelves. Most frequently, ice islands originate off the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. These research platforms are occupied as weather sta tions, as well as for oceanographic and geophysical studies. Several inter national projects, conducted by Canadian, European, and U. S. groups, have been underway during the last three decades. Although much new data have accumulated since the publication of the Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas volume in 1974 (Yvonne Herman, ed. ), in various fields of polar research-including present-day ice cover, hydrogra phy, fauna, flora, and geology-many questions remain to be answered.
| Author | : Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 178 |
| Release | : 2020-08-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030374726 |
The book on sea ice ecology is the ecology of sea ice algae and other microorganism as bacteria, meiofauna, and viruses residing inside or at the bottom of the sea ice, called the sympagic biota. Organisms as seals, fish, birds, and Polar bears relies on sea ice but are not part of this biota. A distinct feature of this ecosystem, is the disappearance (melt) every summer and re-establishing in autumn and winter. The book is organized seasonally describing the physical, optical, biological, and geochemical conditions typical of the seasons: autumn, winter, and spring. These are exemplified with case studies based on author’s fieldwork in Greenland, the Arctic Ocean, and Antarctica but focused on Arctic conditions. The sea ice ecosystem is described in the context of climate change, interests, and effects of a decreasing summer ice extent in the Arctic Ocean. The book contains an up to date description of most relevant methods and techniques applied in sea ice ecology research. This book will appeal to university students at Masters or PhD levels reading biology, geosciences, and chemistry.
| Author | : Edward Lyn Lewis |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 631 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401141320 |
Following a decision by the Arctic Ocean Sciences Board (AOSB) in July 1996 the then chainnan, Geoffrey Holland, wrote a letter of invitation to a meeting to plan a "Symposium on the Freshwater Balance of the Arctic". The meeting was held in Ottawa on November 12-13 1996 and was attended by representatives of various organisations, including the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), as well as individual scientists. Results of this meeting included: • Co-sponsorship with AOSB by the Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR), the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS) and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). • A decision to apply for funding as a Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Scientific Affairs Division. • That expenses would be covered in part by funds available through an existing NSF grant to the SCOR Executive offices in Baltimore, MD. • The appointment of myself to be Chairman/Manager for the Symposium. • Provision of a recommended list of Scientific Advisors to assist the Chainnan in selecting key speakers.
| Author | : Kristina Spohr |
| Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
| Total Pages | : 426 |
| Release | : 2021-01-26 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0999740687 |
The Arctic, long described as the world’s last frontier, is quickly becoming our first frontier—the front line in a world of more diffuse power, sharper geopolitical competition, and deepening interdependencies between people and nature. A space of often-bitter cold, the Arctic is the fastest-warming place on earth. It is humanity’s canary in the coal mine—an early warning sign of the world’s climate crisis. The Arctic “regime” has pioneered many innovative means of governance among often-contentious state and non-state actors. Instead of being the “last white dot on the map,” the Arctic is where the contours of our rapidly evolving world may first be glimpsed. In this book, scholars and practitioners—from Anchorage to Moscow, from Nuuk to Hong Kong—explore the huge political, legal, social, economic, geostrategic and environmental challenges confronting the Arctic regime, and what this means for the future of world order.
| Author | : Paul Arthur Berkman |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 476 |
| Release | : 2022-05-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 303089312X |
This book contains an inclusive compilation of perspectives about the Arctic Ocean with contributions that extend from Indigenous residents and early career scientists to Foreign Ministers, involving perspectives across the spectrum of subnational-national-international jurisdictions. The Arctic Ocean is being transformed with global climate warming into a seasonally ice-free sea, creating challenges as well as opportunities that operate short-to-long term, underscoring the necessity to make informed decisions across a continuum of urgencies from security to sustainability time scales. The Arctic Ocean offers a case study with lessons that are especially profound at this moment when humankind is exposed to a pandemic, awakening a common interest in survival across our globally-interconnected civilization unlike any period since the Second World War. This second volume in the Informed Decisionmaking for Sustainability series reveals that building global inclusion involves common interests to address changes effectively “for the benefit of all on Earth across generations.”
