This study examines material from four archaeological sites revealing the existence of a previously unrecognized late prehistoric/early historic Inuit society living in Franklin Bay, in the western Canadian Arctic. These people, the Iglulualumiut, had a culture closely resembling that of neighbouring Mackenzie Inuit, of whom they can be considered an extension. They appear to have been of local Thule culture origin, and the last remnants of a once widespread Inuit occupation along the southern coast of Amundsen Gulf.