Aplicación de la tecnología supercrítica a la síntesis de biodiésel

Aplicación de la tecnología supercrítica a la síntesis de biodiésel
Author: Pilar Olivares Carrillo
Publisher: Editorial Academica Espanola
Total Pages: 72
Release: 2014-04-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9783847369226

El biodiésel se presenta como uno de los mejores candidatos para sustituir a los derivados del petróleo como combustible ya que cumple con los criterios de sostenibilidad. La transesterificación con catalizadores homogéneos básicos fuertes es la técnica más utilizada en la industria para la producción de biodiésel, pero la materia prima utilizada debe contener menos de un 0.5% en masa de ácidos grasos libres, de otra forma daría lugar a la formación de jabones y al consumo de catalizador. Por otra parte, el contenido en agua del aceite dificulta la conversión completa del aceite por lo que debe mantenerse por debajo del 0.06%. Una alternativa a estos procesos es llevar a cabo la reacción con metanol supercrítico, sin que la presencia de agua o ácidos grasos libres afecte al proceso de transesterificación de la reacción, por lo que se puede utilizar una gran variedad de materias primas de bajo coste. Además, en condiciones supercríticas, no es estrictamente necesario el uso de catalizadores, por lo que no se requiere la eliminación del catalizador después del proceso.

Síntesis de biodiesel a partir de aceite extraído con CO2 supercrítico de semilla de mango (Mangifera indica)

Síntesis de biodiesel a partir de aceite extraído con CO2 supercrítico de semilla de mango (Mangifera indica)
Author: Luisdomingo Guzmán Julio
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

Actualmente, en el planeta, son generadas grandes cantidades de desechos de frutas al año como resultado de la actividad industrial y artesanal de empresas manufacturas de alimentos. En el caso de una fruta en particular: El mango, la semilla representa del 11- 25 % del peso total de la fruta y en Colombia se producen más de 200.000 toneladas de mango al año, lo cual generaría hasta 50.000 toneladas de semillas desechadas. Por tal razón, y aprovechando la oportunidad de generar productos de valor agregado a partir de desechos como éste, se plantea en este documento el aprovechamiento del aceite de semilla de mango para la generación de Biodiesel, el cual es una alternativa notable al combustible diésel, derivado del petróleo ampliamente utilizado, ya que puede ser generado por recursos naturales domésticos como el aceite de semillas, los cocos e incluso el aceite de cocina reciclado. Las condiciones de extracción supercríticas optimas trabajadas con el aceite de semilla de mango fueron 40 °C, 300 Bar, 4 ml/min de flujo de CO2 y 1 ml/min de flujo de cosolvente (Isopropanol y etanol). En este trabajo se evidencia que el rendimiento promedio de extracción supercrítica con CO2 de semilla de mango Keitt, fue 13.41% y 6.29% con isopropanol y etanol como cosolvente respectivamente. Se realizaron reacciones de Transesterificación catalizada por triplicado con NaOH como catalizador con una relación catalizador:aceite 0.1:1, relación Metanol: aceite de 1:7,60 °C de temperatura de reacción y tiempo de reacción de 90 min, encontrando rendimientos de reacción de 87.94 % y 68.45 % para el aceite extraído con cosolvente Isopropanol y etanol, respectivamente. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas y análisis para determinar las propiedades físicas del producto, densidad de 857.5 kg / m3, punto de enturbiamiento de 27.6 °C, punto de fluidez de 17.8 °C, índice de saponificación de de 116.41 mg KOH/g, índice de yodo de 45.68 mg I/g y un índice de cetano de 36.07.

The Future of Glycerol

The Future of Glycerol
Author: Mario Pagliaro
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 145
Release: 2008
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0854041249

By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year's worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This highly anticipated 2nd Edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. The best-selling reference book in the.

Biodiesel

Biodiesel
Author: Ayhan Demirbas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 214
Release: 2007-12-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1846289955

Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterization of biodiesel. The book also presents current experimental research work in the field, including techniques to reduce biodiesel’s high viscosity. Researchers in renewable energy, as well as fuel engineers, will discover a myriad of new ideas and promising possibilities.

Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications

Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications
Author: Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 486
Release: 2021-08-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811618542

This book explores vegetable fiber composite as an eco-friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable material that has many potential industrial applications. The use of vegetable fiber composite supports the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to utilize more sustainable and greener composite materials, which are also easy to handle and locally easily available with economical production costs. This book presents various types of vegetable fiber composite and its processing methods and treatments to obtain desirable properties for certain applications. The book caters to researchers and students who are working in the field of bio-composites and green materials.

Advances in Biofuels

Advances in Biofuels
Author: Pogaku Ravindra
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015-02-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781489986344

​Biofuels will play a key role in the 21st century as the world faces two critical problems; volatile fuel prices and global climatic changes. Both of these are linked to the overdependence on the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Transportation is almost totally dependent on petroleum based fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and on natural gas. Despite a significant amount of research into biofuels, the field has not been able to replace fossil fuels. Recent advances will change this scenario. Extracting fuel from biomass has been very expensive (both monetarily and in land usage), time consuming, unusable byproducts, etc. Technology to obtain liquid fuel from non-fossil sources must be improved to be faster, more efficient and more cost-effective. This book will cover the current technology used for a variety of plant types and explore shortcomings with each.

Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture

Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture
Author: Francisco J. Villalobos
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 543
Release: 2017-01-25
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319461168

This textbook explains the various aspects of sustainable agricultures to undergraduate and graduate students. The book first quantifies the components of the crop energy balance, i.e. the partitioning of net radiation, and their effect on the thermal environment of the canopy. The soil water balance and the quantification of its main component (evapotranspiration) are studied to determine the availability of water to rain fed crops and to calculate crop water requirements. Then it sets the limitations of crop production in relation to crop phenology, radiation interception and resource availability (e.g. nutrients). With that in mind the different agricultural techniques (sowing, tillage, irrigation, fertilization, harvest, application of pesticides, etc.) are analyzed with special emphasis in quantifying the inputs (sowing rates, fertilizer amounts, irrigation schedules, tillage plans) required for a given target yield under specific environmental conditions (soil & climate). For all techniques strategies are provided for improving the ratio productivity/resource use while ensuring sustainability. The book comes with online practical focusing on the key aspects of management in a crop rotation (collecting weather data, calculating productivity, sowing rates, irrigation programs, fertilizers rates etc).

Principles and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations

Principles and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations
Author: Jaime Benitez
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 667
Release: 2016-12-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119276942

A staple in any chemical engineering curriculum New edition has a stronger emphasis on membrane separations, chromatography and other adsorptive processes, ion exchange Discusses many developing topics in more depth in mass transfer operations, especially in the biological engineering area Covers in more detail phase equilibrium since distillation calculations are completely dependent on this principle Integrates computational software and problems using Mathcad Features 25-30 problems per chapter

The Biodiesel Handbook

The Biodiesel Handbook
Author: Gerhard Knothe
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 516
Release: 2015-08-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0983507260

The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats