"How can we understand the past in the absence of written records? Pre-modern histories of cross-cultural exchange pose a particular problem for medieval historians. They are marked by the long-distance mobility of concepts, individuals, and materials, and many of them cannot be reconstructed from the standard source texts on which historians usually depend. They exist without named makers, both outside and beyond official documents and court chronicles. The same is true of artisans responsible for crafting objects whose circulation and reception defined aesthetic, economic, and technological networks that may not have conformed to political or sectarian boundaries. Authored by two leading medieval historians of the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, Object Lessons addresses the gaps in medieval sources and modern scholarship, arguing for the archival value of objects, images, and monuments. Flood and Fricke examine six case studies that focus on the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. From the stone carvings at the churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia, which have no textual documentation, to medicinal bowls from Iraq for which some data can be gathered from unassociated but contemporary sources, these studies show how imagery and objects traveled across continents. The authors connect the histories of medieval Europe, Africa, and west Asia, and raise significant questions about "out of place" objects and how, in the absence of substantial archival material, we might write their histories. While there have been many publications on the histories of global circulation, most of them focus on the early modern period in Europe. By moving away from histories with abundant written archival material, Object Lessons ventures far beyond the narratives of Europe and into complex, cross-cultural and intercontinental histories of objects and images"--