An Examination of the Effects of Dietary Rumen-protected Histidine Supplementation on Finishing Beef Cattle Growth, Carcass, and Meat Quality Parameters

An Examination of the Effects of Dietary Rumen-protected Histidine Supplementation on Finishing Beef Cattle Growth, Carcass, and Meat Quality Parameters
Author: Breann Nancy Sandberg
Publisher:
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2017
Genre: Amino acids in animal nutrition
ISBN: 9780355235609
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This study examined the effects of dietary rumen-protected histidine (HIS) supplementation in beef cattle on growth and carcass traits/product quality. Three levels of daily HIS were tested over a 60-d finishing period in 48 cross-bred steers. Cattle were randomly allocated into eight pens (six hd/each) and fed using Calan gates. Morning feed was top-dressed with the HIS; control (no HIS), low HIS (50g/hd/d), or high HIS (100g/hd/d). Individual intakes were recorded, and feed and orts were analyzed. Post-harvest, one longissimus lumborum and one gluteus medius was acquired from each animal and cut into steaks. Steaks were used for retail display to evaluate color, lipid oxidation, cookery data, WBSF, consumer perception and for free histidine, anserine, and carnosine content analysis. HIS supplementation tended improved instrumental and visual color, sensory components, and free HIS content of the lean tissue. In conclusion, RP-histidine treatment may optimize product quality and marketability in beef cattle.

Effects of Source and Level of Dietary Roughage and Ractopamine (Optaflexx) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Beef Cattle

Effects of Source and Level of Dietary Roughage and Ractopamine (Optaflexx) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Beef Cattle
Author: Danielle Laura Glanc
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:
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A high moisture corn/soybean meal-based finishing ration was used to examine the effects of roughage source (corn silage, alfalfa hay), level of dietary roughage (8, 16, 24%), and ractopamine supplementation (none, Optaflexx) on growth performance, carcass traits, and beef quality for finishing 108 steers and 24 heifers (initial BW = 308 kg). Cattle were allocated by gender to 12 management regimen subclasses. Optaflexx (trade name for ractopamine hydrochloride) was fed over the last 28 d on feed with cattle marketed after common days on feed. Growth performance (ADG, feed intake, and feed efficiency) and carcass traits were assessed on an individual animal basis. A primal rib and semitendinosus (ST) muscle from each animal were processed at the University of Guelph Meat Laboratory for carcass and meat quality evaluations. Tenderness was determined using shear force assessment of product aged 7, 14, and 21 d. Average daily gains were similar (P > 0.27) across main effects while use of corn silage as the roughage source decreased (P 0.001) dry matter intake and improved (P 0.001) feed efficiency compared to feeding alfalfa hay. Roughage level and beta agonist supplementation did not affect (P 0.13) dry matter intake or feed efficiency. When the last 28 days on feed were examined, Optaflexx supplementation increased (P 0.001) weight change, ADG, and improved feed conversion, while DMI remained unchanged (P 0.373). Carcass traits including hot carcass weight, grade fat, longissimus muscle area, marbling, and body composition as assessed by rib dissection (% lean, fat, bone) were not affected (P 0.14) by roughage level, source, or use of Optaflexx. Fat partitioning and liver abscess scores were unaffected (P > 0.09) by source and level of roughage fed, and use of Optaflexx. Source and level of dietary roughage did not affect color (P > 0.21) or shear force (P > 0.20) values for longissimus (LM) and semitendinosus (ST) steaks. Lower DMI and better feed conversion can be achieved using corn silage as the roughage source, while inclusion of up to 24% roughage in finishing diets may not negatively impact gains, carcass characteristics or beef quality. Beef producers may be able to increase amounts of roughage in the diet to lower cost of production without compromising growth performance and carcass and meat quality.

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 22
Release: 2016-06-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309317029
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Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.

Effects of Ruminally-protected Lysine Supplementation on Growing and Finishing Performance of Beef Cattle

Effects of Ruminally-protected Lysine Supplementation on Growing and Finishing Performance of Beef Cattle
Author: Vanessa de Aguiar Veloso
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:
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Three experiments were conducted to evaluate impacts of supplementing ruminally-protected lysine (RPL) to growing and finishing cattle. In experiment 1, 448 heifers (287 ± 14.1 kg body weight (BW)) were used to evaluate backgrounding performance of cattle fed RPL (SafeGainTM, H.J. Baker & Bro. LLC., Shelton, CT). Treatments were RPL supplemented at 0, 15, 30, or 45 g/animal daily. Heifers were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to 16 blocks of 4 pens each for a total of 64 pens containing 7 heifers/pen. At the end of the 112-day backgrounding period, a subset of 12 blocks were consolidated, such that 2 pens from each backgrounding treatment were combined into one finishing pen. Cattle were weighed, relocated to finishing pens, and fed a common finishing diet (no supplemental lysine) for 95 days until harvest to evaluate carryover effects of RPL fed during backgrounding. In experiment 2, 384 steers (413 ± 29.2 kg BW) were used to evaluate effects of supplementing RPL (SafeGain, H.J. Baker & Bro.) in conjunction with a [beta]-adrenergic agonist (BAA) on performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were (2 x 4 factorial) 0, 20, 40, or 60 g/animal daily of RPL in conjunction with BAA during the last 42 days on feed (112 days total finishing period); and two step-up regimens: conventional 21-days without or an accelerated 10-days step-up with an oral dose of Megasphaera elsdenii probiotic (ME; Lactipro®, MS Biotec, Wamego, KS). Steers were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to one of 64 pens with 6 animals/pen. In experiment 3, 448 steers (352 ± 25 kg BW) were used to evaluate impact of ME, alone or in combination with RPL (USA Lysine, Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA), on performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to one of 64 pens (7 steers/pen). Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block experiment, with treatments consisting of: RPL fed at 0 or 45 g/animal daily; and two step-up regimens as described for Exp. 2. Finishing diets were fed once daily for 144 or 172 days, ad libitum. At the end of all trials, cattle were weighed and harvested at a commercial abattoir, where carcass data were collected. In all studies, pen was the experimental unit, and block was the random effect. Backgrounding performance improved linearly in response to increasing amounts of RPL (P ≦ 0.05) in Exp. 1, and improvements realized during background were retained throughout finishing. In Exp. 2, there were no effects of RPL or ME on daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), or gain:feed (P > 0.45); but liver abscess incidence was increased with RPL supplementation (P 0.05; 28.3, 39.0, 46.9 and 39.4% for cattle fed 0, 20, 40 and 60 g/day of RPL, respectively). An interaction between RPL and ME was observed for hot carcass weight (P = 0.01). Dosing cattle with ME with an accelerated transition period decreased marbling score (P = 0.03) and yielded a lower percentage of carcasses grading Choice (P = 0.03) than those traditionally adapted. No other effects of ME or RPL were observed for carcass characteristics (P 0.10). In Exp. 3, no interactions between ME and RPL (P > 0.1) were observed. Steers given ME consumed less roughage compared to their counterparts without (P 0.05), but ADG, DMI, and gain:feed were similar (P 0.10) among treatments. Administering ME tended to increase percentage of USDA Prime carcasses compared to control (2.7 vs 0.5% respectively; P = 0.06). Feeding RPL did not affect feedlot performance, hot carcass weight, or other carcass traits (P > 0.10) but tended to increase USDA Yield Grade (P

Optimizing Beef Cattle Performance Using Rumen-protected Lysine Supplementation in Diets Balanced for Predicted Amino Acid and Effective Energy Requirement

Optimizing Beef Cattle Performance Using Rumen-protected Lysine Supplementation in Diets Balanced for Predicted Amino Acid and Effective Energy Requirement
Author: Jacquelyn Prestegaard
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:
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The objectives of these experiments were to determine the bypass value of rumen-protected lysine and performance responses of beef cattle fed encapsulated lysine. During experiment 1 singe-flow continuous culture fermenters were fed a Lys-deficient control (CON), a Lys-sufficient diet supplemented with rumen-protected soybean meal (RPSBM; AminoPlus, Ag Processing Inc., Omaha, NE), or a Lys-sufficient diet containing a commercially available rumen-protected Lys product (RPLYS; USA Lysine, Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA). Results from continuous culture showed greater degradation of RPLYS than RPSBM and CON. During Experiment 2, an in vitro dry matter digestibility study showed DM degradation was 23[percent] greater for pure USA Lysine than another encapsulated lysine product (AjiPro 2G, Ajinomoto Heartland, Inc., Omaha, NE). The next objective was to test if AjiPro would increase plasma Lys levels in vivo (and therefore indicate its successful ruminal bypass and small intestinal absorption). Experiment 3 involved a 3 x 3 Latin Square study conducted on cannulated crossbred steers fed a combination of rumen-protected soybean meal and two increased levels of the rumen-protected product, where it was fed to meet 100[percent] (AJ100) and 150[percent] (AJ150) absorbable AA to effective energy (EE) ratio. Plasma Lys levels were greater when steers were fed diets containing AjiPro in comparison to when they were fed a negative control (NEGCON) which did not contain the product and was deficient in absorbable Lys. From both the in vitro dry matter degradation experiment and the 3 x 3 Latin Square study, we determined AjiPro to be an effective source of bypass Lys, and consequently used it to conduct a growing through finishing study. During Experiment 4, we evaluated steer performance when fed diets balanced for predicted Lys requirement to EE ratio through its supplementation in several dietary treatments. Control treatments included a negative control (NEGCON) that was deficient in absorbable Lys and contained no rumen-protected products; and a positive control (POSCON) where rumen-protected soybean meal was used to balance absorbable AA to EE ratio. Three additional dietary treatments included similar amounts of rumen-protected soybean meal and incremental amounts of AjiPro formulated to provide 50[percent] (AJ50), 100[percent] (AJ100), or 150[percent] (AJ150) of the absorbable Lys provided by POSCON. Starting on d 151 of the growth study, steers were weighed on 2 consecutive days every 14 d and assigned a final BW when no longer profitable (defined as when cost of gain exceeded value of gain). Steers remained profitable for greater days for NEGCON, POSCON and AJ100 than AJ150. Steers consuming POSCON had lesser ADG (kg/d) than all other treatments during the early finishing phase (d 75 to 112). However, steer ADG (kg/d) during late finishing (d 112 to 179) was greater for steers fed diets optimized for Lys requirement (POSCON and AJ100) than all other treatments. Between d 112 to 179, POSCON had greater G:F than all other treatments but did not differ from AJ100. When encapsulated Lys was under or over-supplemented, finishing steers became less profitable sooner. Feed efficiency increased with use of rumen-protected products during late finishing (d 112 to 179) in diets formulated to meet Lys requirement, but this did not impact overall steer performance from growing through finishing. A more accurate understanding of steer AA requirement and subsequent AA metabolism will allow more precise and effective use of rumen-protected products.

INRA feeding system for ruminants

INRA feeding system for ruminants
Author: INRA
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 639
Release: 2023-11-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 908686872X
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The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production
Author: Pierre J. Gerber
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2013
Genre: Nature
ISBN:
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The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded