An Analytic Approach to the Valuation of American Path Dependent Options

An Analytic Approach to the Valuation of American Path Dependent Options
Author: Bin Gao
Publisher:
Total Pages: 47
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

In this paper, we propose a general method for pricing and hedging non-standard American options. The proposed method applies to any kind of American-style contract for which the payoff function has a Markovian representation in the state space. Specifically, we obtain an analytic solution for the value and hedge parameters of path-dependent American options such as barrier options. The solution includes standard American options as a special case. The analytic formula also allows us to identify and exploit two key properties of the optimal exercise boundary-homogeneity in price parameters and time-invariance acirc;not; for American options. In addition, some new put-call acirc;not;Ssymmetryacirc;not;? relations are also derived. These properties suggest a new, efficient and integrated approach to pricing and hedging a variety of standard and non-standard American options. From an implementation perspective, this approach avoids the current practice of repetitive computation of options prices and hedge ratios. Our implementation of the analytic formula for barrier options indicates that the proposed approach is both efficient and accurate in computing option values and option hedge parameters. In some cases, our method is faster by about four orders of magnitude than existing numerical methods with equal accuracy. In particular, the method overcomes the difficulty that existing numerical methods have in dealing with prices close to the barrier, the case where the barrier matters most.

Financial Derivatives

Financial Derivatives
Author: Jamil Baz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 358
Release: 2004-01-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1107268737

This book offers a complete, succinct account of the principles of financial derivatives pricing. The first chapter provides readers with an intuitive exposition of basic random calculus. Concepts such as volatility and time, random walks, geometric Brownian motion, and Ito's lemma are discussed heuristically. The second chapter develops generic pricing techniques for assets and derivatives, determining the notion of a stochastic discount factor or pricing kernel, and then uses this concept to price conventional and exotic derivatives. The third chapter applies the pricing concepts to the special case of interest rate markets, namely, bonds and swaps, and discusses factor models and term structure consistent models. The fourth chapter deals with a variety of mathematical topics that underlie derivatives pricing and portfolio allocation decisions such as mean-reverting processes and jump processes and discusses related tools of stochastic calculus such as Kolmogorov equations, martingale techniques, stochastic control, and partial differential equations.

The Valuation of American Barrier Options Using the Decomposition Technique

The Valuation of American Barrier Options Using the Decomposition Technique
Author: Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Publisher:
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

In this paper, we propose an alternative approach for pricing and hedging non-standard American options. In principle, the proposed approach applies to any kind of American-style contract for which the payoff function has a Markovian representation in the state space. Specifically, we obtain an analytic solution for the value and hedge parameters of barrier options, an important example of path-dependent options. The solution includes standard American options as a special case. The analytic formula also allows us to identify and exploit two key properties of the optimal exercise boundary - homogeneity in price parameters and time-invariance - for American options. In addition, some new put-call ``symmetryquot; relations are also derived. These properties suggest a new, efficient and integrated approach to pricing and hedging a variety of standard and non-standard American options. From an implementation perspective, this approach avoids the current practice of repetitive computation of option prices and hedge ratios. Our implementation of the analytic formula for barrier options indicates that the proposed approach is both efficient and accurate in computing option values and option hedge parameters. In some cases, our method is substantially faster than existing numerical methods with equal accuracy. In particular, the method overcomes the difficulty that existing numerical methods have in dealing with prices close to the barrier, the case where the barrier matters most.

Financial Econometrics, Mathematics and Statistics

Financial Econometrics, Mathematics and Statistics
Author: Cheng-Few Lee
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 657
Release: 2019-06-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1493994298

This rigorous textbook introduces graduate students to the principles of econometrics and statistics with a focus on methods and applications in financial research. Financial Econometrics, Mathematics, and Statistics introduces tools and methods important for both finance and accounting that assist with asset pricing, corporate finance, options and futures, and conducting financial accounting research. Divided into four parts, the text begins with topics related to regression and financial econometrics. Subsequent sections describe time-series analyses; the role of binomial, multi-nomial, and log normal distributions in option pricing models; and the application of statistics analyses to risk management. The real-world applications and problems offer students a unique insight into such topics as heteroskedasticity, regression, simultaneous equation models, panel data analysis, time series analysis, and generalized method of moments. Written by leading academics in the quantitative finance field, allows readers to implement the principles behind financial econometrics and statistics through real-world applications and problem sets. This textbook will appeal to a less-served market of upper-undergraduate and graduate students in finance, economics, and statistics. ​

Convergence of Binomial Tree Method for European/American Path-Dependent Options

Convergence of Binomial Tree Method for European/American Path-Dependent Options
Author: Lishang Jiang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2005
Genre:
ISBN:

The binomial tree method, first proposed by Cox et al. (1979), is the most popular approach to pricing options. By introducing an additional path-dependent variable, such method can be readily extended to the valuation of path-dependent options. Barraquand et al. (1996) presented the so-called forward shooting grid method, which is a modification of binomial tree method, to cope with arithmetic average options. In this paper, using numerical analysis and the notion of viscosity solutions, we present a unifying theoretical framework to show the uniform convergence of binomial tree methods for European/American path-dependent options, including arithmetic average options, geometric average options and lookback options.

American-Type Options

American-Type Options
Author: Dmitrii S. Silvestrov
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Total Pages: 520
Release: 2013-11-27
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3110329824

The book gives a systematical presentation of stochastic approximation methods for models of American-type options with general pay-off functions for discrete time Markov price processes. Advanced methods combining backward recurrence algorithms for computing of option rewards and general results on convergence of stochastic space skeleton and tree approximations for option rewards are applied to a variety of models of multivariate modulated Markov price processes. The principal novelty of presented results is based on consideration of multivariate modulated Markov price processes and general pay-off functions, which can depend not only on price but also an additional stochastic modulating index component, and use of minimal conditions of smoothness for transition probabilities and pay-off functions, compactness conditions for log-price processes and rate of growth conditions for pay-off functions. The book also contains an extended bibliography of works in the area. This book is the first volume of the comprehensive two volumes monograph. The second volume will present results on structural studies of optimal stopping domains, Monte Carlo based approximation reward algorithms, and convergence of American-type options for autoregressive and continuous time models, as well as results of the corresponding experimental studies.