An Allometric Approach To Evaluate Physiological And Production Efficiencies In Tree Size For Tart Cherry And Apple Orchard Systems
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Author | : Zachary T. Brym |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Improving production efficiency is a major challenge for modern orchard systems. The primary response in horticulture is to develop high-density orchard systems that use dwarfing rootstocks and intense management strategies to maintain small tree size. As development and evaluation of novel orchard systems may help improve understanding of plant physiology for the development of high-density systems. The effect of tree size and architecture on physiological and production efficiency was evaluated for tart cherry (Prunus cerasus, P. mahaleb) and apple (Malus spp.) orchard systems using a physiologically driven modeling approach, called allometry. Branch dimensions, canopy dimensions and biomass were measured for 24-year-old tart cherry individuals and 10-year-old 'Golden Delicious' apple individuals on various rootstocks in experimental blocks at the Kaysville Research Farm in Davis Co., Utah. Tree size was related to annual fruit biomass that had been collected over the duration of the apple trial. Branch dimensions, canopy dimensions, yield, and fruit quality were collected in commercial tart cherry orchards of Utah Co. Tree size, architecture, and biomass of tart cherry and apple expressed strong allometric relationships that were broadly consistent among the two orchard tree species and the theoretical expectations derived from wild plants. The most consistent relationship was the trunk diameter (or trunk cross sectional area) - stem biomass relationship, which broadly followed the 8/3-power law. Branch and canopy dimensions that include a measure of length, such as branch length and canopy height, demonstrated architecture indicative of high water efficiency and metabolic activity that is relieved from biomechanical constrains of weight bearing. The apple rootstocks differed from each other in production efficiency with individuals that express smaller branch and canopy dimensions producing a higher proportion of fruit relative to tree size. In the commercial tart cherry orchards, smaller individuals with relatively higher canopy height and spread expressed higher yield and fruit quality. Overall, this research supported the continued development of training systems that maintain small trees to improve physiological and production efficiency. Further research must reconcile other consequences of intense management and overproduction that arise with the increased efficiency facilitated by small tree size and high-density orchard systems to maintain sustainable fruit production.
Author | : H.L. van de Graaf |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This study aims to obtain the optimal plant spacing of columnar- versus spindle apple tree systems by measuring and modelling their light interception and fruit production efficiency (dry weight yield per unit of photosynthetic active radiation intercepted). Optimal plant spacing is defined as the plant spacing at which 70% of the available amount of PAR is intercepted by the canopy, since higher interception values were previously found to decrease fruit quality (especially fruit colouration) by increasing internal canopy shading.
Author | : Rob Downy |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 266 |
Release | : 1973 |
Genre | : Apple, Cost of production |
ISBN | : |
Author | : David Epstein |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Biological control |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Anthony Herman Hatch |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 5 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : Apples |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Jacob McManus |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 85 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
ISBN | : 9781267307293 |
Author | : Kalliopi A. Roubelakis-Angelakis |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 636 |
Release | : 2009-06-04 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9048123054 |
Grapevine is one of the most widely cultivated plant species worldwide. With the publication of the grapevine genome sequence in 2007, a new horizon in grapevine research has unfolded. Thus, we felt that a new edition of ‘Molecular Biology & Biotechnology of the Grapevine’ could expand on all the latest scientific developments. In this edition and with the aid of 73 scientists from 15 countries, ten chapters describe new aspects of Grapevine Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology and eleven chapters have been revised and updated. This book is intended to be a reference book for researchers, scientists and biotechnological companies, who want to be updated in viticultural research, but also it can be used as a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students, who are interested in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Plants with an emphasis on the Grapevine.
Author | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
Total Pages | : 719 |
Release | : 2009-01-01 |
Genre | : Games & Activities |
ISBN | : 1408102579 |
Anagram Solver is the essential guide to cracking all types of quiz and crossword featuring anagrams. Containing over 200,000 words and phrases, Anagram Solver includes plural noun forms, palindromes, idioms, first names and all parts of speech. Anagrams are grouped by the number of letters they contain with the letters set out in alphabetical order so that once the letters of an anagram are arranged alphabetically, finding the solution is as easy as locating the word in a dictionary.
Author | : Willard R. Espy |
Publisher | : Checkmark Books |
Total Pages | : 692 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : English language |
ISBN | : 9780816043132 |
An easy-to-use dictionary of over 80,000 rhyming words.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 86 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Biology |
ISBN | : 9780858473096 |
The Plants in action unit is an ideal way to link science with literacy in the classroom. Students' beliefs about flowering plants will be challenged as they work through hands-on activities.