The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete

The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete
Author: R N Swamy
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 353
Release: 1991-09-01
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 0203036638

This book reviews the fundamental causes and spectrum effects of ASR. It considers he advances that have been made in our understanding of this problem throughout the world.

Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete

Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete
Author: Shashank Bishnoi
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 845
Release: 2020-04-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811528063

This volume comprises the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete held in New Delhi, India in October 2019. The papers cover topics related to geology of clay, hydration and performance of blended systems with calcined clays, alkali activated binders, and economic and environmental impacts of the use of calcined clays in cement-based materials. The book presents research on influence of processing on reactivity of calcined clays, influence of clay mineralogy on reactivity, geology of clay deposits, and the environmental impact of use of calcined clays in cement and concrete and field applications of calcined clay in concrete. Apart from giving an overview of the progress of research during the last two years, this work also covers the state-of-the art on the practical aspects of production and use of calcined clays in construction. The contents of this volume will prove useful to researchers and graduate students working in the areas of cement chemistry, cement production, and concrete design.

Durability and Sustainability of Concrete

Durability and Sustainability of Concrete
Author: Nausherwan Hasan
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 253
Release: 2020-09-09
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3030515737

This book provides practicing engineers with a step by step approach for making durable concrete with optimum use of the local materials available within the various regions of the United States. It further includes actual concrete mixture proportions for high performance concrete for strength and durability under various aggressive environments based on the author’s experience in the field, and support this with illustrative case studies. Examples for concrete mixture proportions, based on the current industry practice and standards, are highlighted to assist engineers in meeting the intended performance requirements (for specific environment conditions) for durable concrete. Covering an important topic for the construction and building materials industries, this book delivers the most up-to-date industry practices and advances in concrete construction from the perspective of a practicing engineer with over 40 year experience. Maximizes practicing engineers’ understanding of best design and construction practices in fabricating, delivery, and installation of concrete, consistent with current knowledge on concrete durability Discusses quality control and testing requirements during design and construction, including mixing, production, and placement of concrete and tolerances for slump and air content Emphasizes real-world examples of optimal concrete mixtures, suitable for selected service conditions and applications, based on prior successful records of projects within the US Addresses the role of innovative admixtures in concrete placement in cold weather conditions below 32F and meeting the strength and durability requirements Serves as a valuable resource for students in graduate programs

Diagnosis and Control of Alkali-aggregate Reactions in Concrete

Diagnosis and Control of Alkali-aggregate Reactions in Concrete
Author: James A. Farny
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 1997
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN:

Aggregates containing certain constituents can react with alkali hydroxides in concrete. The reactivity is potentially harmful only when it produces significant expansion. This alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR) has two forms--alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR, sometimes called alkali-carbonate rock reaction, or ACRR). ASR is of more concern than ACR because the occurrence of aggregates containing reactive silica minerals is more common. Alkali-reactive carbonate aggregates have a specific composition that is not very common. Alkali-silica reactivity has been recognized as a potential source of distress in concrete since the later 1930s. Even though potentially reactive aggregates exist throughout North America, ASR distress in structural concrete is not common. There are a number of reasons for this: 1. Most aggregates are chemically stable in hydraulic-cement concrete 2. Aggregates with good service records are abundant in many areas 3. The concrete in service is dry enough to inhibit ASR 4. The use of certain pozzolans or slags controls ASR 5. In many concrete mixtures, the alkali content of the concrete is low enough to control harmful ASR 6. Some forms of ASR do not produce significant deleterious expansion To reduce ASR potential requires understanding the ASR mechanism; properly using tests to identify potentially reactive aggregates; and, if needed, taking steps to minimize the potential for expansion and related cracking. Alkali-carbonate reaction in concrete was not documented until 1957. Although ACR is much less common, this report also briefly reviews the mechanism, visual distress symptoms, identification tests, and control measures.

Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes

Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes
Author: F. Pacheco-Torgal
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 855
Release: 2014-11-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1782422889

This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet's total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. - Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders - Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. - Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.

Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete

Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete
Author: Sidney Mindess
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Total Pages: 443
Release: 2019-06-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128189282

Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete, Second Edition, presents the latest developments on topics covered in the first edition. In addition, it includes new chapters on supplementary cementitious materials, mass concrete, the sustainably of concrete, service life prediction, limestone cements, the corrosion of steel in concrete, alkali-aggregate reactions, and concrete as a multiscale material. The book's chapters introduce the reader to some of the most important issues facing today's concrete industry. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, users will find this to be a must-have reference for civil and structural engineers. - Summarizes a wealth of recent research on structural concrete, including material microstructure, concrete types, and variation and construction techniques - Emphasizes concrete mixture design and applications in civil and structural engineering - Reviews modern concrete materials and novel construction systems, such as the precast industry and structures requiring high-performance concrete

Nanomaterials in Concrete

Nanomaterials in Concrete
Author: Henry E. Cardenas
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
Total Pages: 192
Release: 2012
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1605950505

Presents original work on how nanomaterials are applied to concrete through electromutagenic processes, which modify the microstructure of concrete materials in situ without changing their dimensions or appearance. In essence, this book shows how high-performance concrete can be mixed without expensive additives.

Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete

Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete
Author: Lawrence L. Sutter
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Total Pages: 91
Release: 2013
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0309283558

"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 749: Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete presents suggested changes to coal fly ash specifications and test protocols contained in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing (AASHTO M 295). The changes suggested include modifications to the test methods currently specified for evaluating acceptability of fly ash for use in highway concrete as well as the introduction of new test methods for enhancing such evaluations. Attachment C: Details of the Research into Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash Use in Highway Concrete is only available online."--Publisher description.

Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques

Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques
Author: Mohammad Zaman
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 183
Release: 2018-11-28
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 331996190X

This open access book is an outcome of the collaboration between the Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, and Dr. Shabbir A Shahid, Senior Salinity Management Expert, Freelancer based in United Arab Emirates.The objective of this book is to develop protocols for salinity and sodicity assessment and develop mitigation and adaptation measures to use saline and sodic soils sustainably. The focus is on important issues related to salinity and sodicity and to describe these in an easy and user friendly way. The information has been compiled from the latest published literature and from the authors’ publications specific to the subject matter. The book consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the terms salinity and sodicity and describes various salinity classification systems commonly used around the world. Chapter 2 reviews global distribution of salinization and socioeconomic aspects related to salinity and crop production. Chapters 3 covers comprehensively salinity and sodicity adaptation and mitigation options including physical, chemical, hydrological and biological methods. Chapter 4 discusses the efforts that have been made to demonstrate the development of soil salinity zones under different irrigation systems. Chapter 5 discusses the quality of irrigation water, boron toxicity and relative tolerance to boron, the effects of chlorides on crops. Chapter 6 introduces the role of nuclear techniques in saline agriculture.