Agreement In Natural Language
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| Author | : Peter W. Smith |
| Publisher | : Language Science Press |
| Total Pages | : 482 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 3961102147 |
Agreement is a pervasive phenomenon across natural languages. Depending on one’s definition of what constitutes agreement, it is either found in virtually every natural language that we know of, or it is at least found in a great many. Either way, it seems to be a core part of the system that underpins our syntactic knowledge. Since the introduction of the operation of Agree in Chomsky (2000), agreement phenomena and the mechanism that underlies agreement have garnered a lot of attention in the Minimalist literature and have received different theoretical treatments at different stages. Since then, many different phenomena involving dependencies between elements in syntax, including movement or not, have been accounted for using Agree. The mechanism of Agree thus provides a powerful tool to model dependencies between syntactic elements far beyond φ-feature agreement. The articles collected in this volume further explore these topics and contribute to the ongoing debates surrounding agreement. The authors gathered in this book are internationally reknown experts in the field of Agreement.
| Author | : Center for the Study of Language and Information (U.S.) |
| Publisher | : Center for the Study of Language (CSLI) |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 1988-07 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 9780937073025 |
Although grammatical agreement or concord is widespread in human languages, linguistic theorists have generally treated agreement phenomena as secondary or even marginal. All the papers in this volume, however, take agreement phenomena seriously, as presenting either a general issue in theory construction or a descriptive problem in particular types of languages. The theoretical perspectives range from purportedly theory-neutral typological frameworks to assumptions about the validity of one or another current formal model. Further, the degree of generality ranges from a universalist nature-of-human-language agenda to concern with one or another aspect of grammatical agreement or with agreement in a single language or language group.
| Author | : Mark C. Baker |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2008-02-07 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 1139469703 |
'Agreement' is the grammatical phenomenon in which the form of one item, such as the noun 'horses', forces a second item in the sentence, such as the verb 'gallop', to appear in a particular form, i.e. 'gallop' must agree with 'horses' in number. Even though agreement phenomena are some of the most familiar and well-studied aspects of grammar, there are certain basic questions that have rarely been asked, let alone answered. This book develops a theory of the agreement processes found in language, and considers why verbs agree with subjects in person, adjectives agree in number and gender but not person, and nouns do not agree at all. Explaining these differences leads to a theory that can be applied to all parts of speech and to all languages.
| Author | : Sowmya Vajjala |
| Publisher | : O'Reilly Media |
| Total Pages | : 455 |
| Release | : 2020-06-17 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 149205402X |
Many books and courses tackle natural language processing (NLP) problems with toy use cases and well-defined datasets. But if you want to build, iterate, and scale NLP systems in a business setting and tailor them for particular industry verticals, this is your guide. Software engineers and data scientists will learn how to navigate the maze of options available at each step of the journey. Through the course of the book, authors Sowmya Vajjala, Bodhisattwa Majumder, Anuj Gupta, and Harshit Surana will guide you through the process of building real-world NLP solutions embedded in larger product setups. You’ll learn how to adapt your solutions for different industry verticals such as healthcare, social media, and retail. With this book, you’ll: Understand the wide spectrum of problem statements, tasks, and solution approaches within NLP Implement and evaluate different NLP applications using machine learning and deep learning methods Fine-tune your NLP solution based on your business problem and industry vertical Evaluate various algorithms and approaches for NLP product tasks, datasets, and stages Produce software solutions following best practices around release, deployment, and DevOps for NLP systems Understand best practices, opportunities, and the roadmap for NLP from a business and product leader’s perspective
| Author | : Eric Fuß |
| Publisher | : John Benjamins Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 352 |
| Release | : 2005-10-13 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 9027294143 |
This book investigates the historical paths leading from pronouns to markers of verbal agreement and proposes a unified formal account of this grammaticalization process. In opposition to beliefs widely held in the literature, it is argued that new agreement formatives can be coined in a multitude of syntactic environments. Still, the individual paths toward agreement are shown to exhibit a set of underlying similarities which are attributed to universal principles that govern the reanalysis of pronominal clitics as exponents of verbal agreement across languages. It is claimed that syntactic principles impose only a set of necessary conditions on the reanalysis in question, while its ultimate trigger is morphological in nature. More specifically, it is argued that the acquisition of inflectional morphology is governed by blocking effects which operate during language acquisition and promote the grammaticalization of new markers if this change serves to replace ‘worn-out’, underspecified forms with new, more specified candidates.
| Author | : Jason Allen |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 529 |
| Release | : 2022-04-28 |
| Genre | : Contracts |
| ISBN | : 0192858467 |
Smart Legal Contracts: Computable Law in Theory and Practice is a landmark investigation into one of the most important trends at the interface of law and technology: the effort to harness emerging digital technologies to change the way that parties form and perform contracts. While developments in distributed ledger technology have brought the topic of 'smart contracts' into the mainstream of legal attention, this volume takes a broader approach to ask how computers can be used in the contracting process. This book assesses how contractual promises are expressed in software and how code-based artefacts can be incorporated within more conventional legal structures. With incisive contributions from members of the judiciary, legal scholars, practitioners, and computer scientists, this book sets out to frame the borders of an emerging area of law and start a more productive dialogue between the various disciplines involved in the evolution of contracts as software. It provides the first step towards a more disciplined approach to computational contracts that avoids the techno-legal ambiguities of 'smart contracts' and reveals an emerging taxonomy of approaches to encoding contracts in whole or in part. Conceived and written during a time when major legal systems began to engage with the advent of contracts in computable form, and aimed at a fundamental level of enquiry, this collection will provide essential insight into future trends and will provide a point of orientation for future scholarship and innovation.
| Author | : A. Watanabe |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 291 |
| Release | : 1996-09-30 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 0792342038 |
The study of A-movement is receiving a lot of attention in recent research under the stimulus of the Minimalist Program. This book provides a principled account of case absorption that gives a precise characterization of the similarities between causative and passive for the first time. It further shows that raising and ECM also involve case absorption, demonstrating the central role that case absorption places in the theory of A-movement. Case Absorption and WH- Agreement is also the first systematic attempt to put a tight constraint on WH-agreement, surveying a wide range of phenomena discussed in the literature to show that despite the superficial morpho-syntactic multiplicity of its realization, WH-agreement is highly restricted because it arises through the interaction between case theory and A-bar processes. This book targets researchers who are interested in the latest developments in the principles-and-parameters approach, as well as those who want to understand central issues in the theory of A-movement.
| Author | : Steven Bird |
| Publisher | : "O'Reilly Media, Inc." |
| Total Pages | : 506 |
| Release | : 2009-06-12 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0596555717 |
This book offers a highly accessible introduction to natural language processing, the field that supports a variety of language technologies, from predictive text and email filtering to automatic summarization and translation. With it, you'll learn how to write Python programs that work with large collections of unstructured text. You'll access richly annotated datasets using a comprehensive range of linguistic data structures, and you'll understand the main algorithms for analyzing the content and structure of written communication. Packed with examples and exercises, Natural Language Processing with Python will help you: Extract information from unstructured text, either to guess the topic or identify "named entities" Analyze linguistic structure in text, including parsing and semantic analysis Access popular linguistic databases, including WordNet and treebanks Integrate techniques drawn from fields as diverse as linguistics and artificial intelligence This book will help you gain practical skills in natural language processing using the Python programming language and the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) open source library. If you're interested in developing web applications, analyzing multilingual news sources, or documenting endangered languages -- or if you're simply curious to have a programmer's perspective on how human language works -- you'll find Natural Language Processing with Python both fascinating and immensely useful.
| Author | : Dan Jurafsky |
| Publisher | : Pearson Education India |
| Total Pages | : 912 |
| Release | : 2000-09 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9788131716724 |
| Author | : Clive Matthews |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 319 |
| Release | : 2016-07-01 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 1317898346 |
Research into Natural Language Processing - the use of computers to process language - has developed over the last couple of decades into one of the most vigorous and interesting areas of current work on language and communication. This book introduces the subject through the discussion and development of various computer programs which illustrate some of the basic concepts and techniques in the field. The programming language used is Prolog, which is especially well-suited for Natural Language Processing and those with little or no background in computing. Following the general introduction, the first section of the book presents Prolog, and the following chapters illustrate how various Natural Language Processing programs may be written using this programming language. Since it is assumed that the reader has no previous experience in programming, great care is taken to provide a simple yet comprehensive introduction to Prolog. Due to the 'user friendly' nature of Prolog, simple yet effective programs may be written from an early stage. The reader is gradually introduced to various techniques for syntactic processing, ranging from Finite State Network recognisors to Chart parsers. An integral element of the book is the comprehensive set of exercises included in each chapter as a means of cementing the reader's understanding of each topic. Suggested answers are also provided. An Introduction to Natural Language Processing Through Prolog is an excellent introduction to the subject for students of linguistics and computer science, and will be especially useful for those with no background in the subject.
