Ageing And Poverty In Africa And The Role Of Social Pensions
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| Author | : Nanak Kakwani |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In many low income African countries, three factors are placing an undue burden on the elderly. First, the burden on the elderly has enormously increased with the increase in mortality of prime age adults due to HIV AIDS pandemic and regional conflicts. Second, the traditional safety net of the extended family has become ineffective and unreliable for the elderly. Third, in a few countries, the elderly are called upon to shoulder the responsibility of the family as they became the principal breadwinners and caregivers for young children. While a number of studies have examined the welfare consequences of these developments on children, few studies have systematically analyzed the poverty situation among the elderly (relative to other groups) in low income countries Africa, and the role of social pensions. This study aims to fill this gap. Drawing on household survey information, the study profiles the elderly for 15 African countries which include both East and West African countries, and countries with a high and low prevalence of HIV-AIDS pandemic. The findings show much heterogeneity across countries with respect to the proportion of the elderly population, the living arrangements and the composition of households, and household headship. The variations in household types and living arrangements presumably reflect the variations in, and changing character of, the traditional family support system and household coping strategies in the wake of covariate shocks and the HIV-AIDS pandemic. However, the proportion of the single elderly is still very small in most countries. A household type "elderly and children" or what is known as "skipped generation household" has emerged as an important structure in some countries. In addition, "households headed by the elderly" has also emerged as a significant household type in several countries. The analysis shows that the poverty situation, and especially the poverty gap ratio, for the household types the elderly only, the elderly with children and the elderly-headed households is much higher than the average in several countries and the differences are statistically significant.
| Author | : Kalanidhi Subbarao |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In many low income African countries, three factors are placing an undue burden on the elderly: 1) the burden on the elderly has enormously increased with the increase in mortality of prime age adults due to the HIV-AIDS pandemic and regional conflicts; 2) the traditional safety net of the extended family has become ineffective and unreliable for the elderly; and, 3) in a few countries, the elderly are called upon to shoulder the responsibility of the family as they became the principal breadwinners, and caregivers for young children. While a number of studies have examined the welfare consequences of these developments on children, few studies have systematically analyzed the poverty situation among the elderly (relative to other groups) in low income countries in Africa, and the role of social pensions. This study aims to fill this gap. The findings show much heterogeneity across countries with respect to the proportion of the elderly population, the living arrangements, and the composition of households, and household headship. The analysis shows that the poverty situation, and especially the poverty gap ratio, for the household types the "elderly only", the "elderly with children" and the "elderly-headed households" is much higher than the average in several countries, and the differences are statistically significant. The analysis further shows that the fiscal cost of providing a universal non-contributory social pension to all of the elderly will be quite high - 2 percent to 3 percent of GDP, a level comparable to, or even higher, than the levels of total public spending on health care in some countries. While categorical targeting of a pension for the above groups yields the maximum poverty reduction impacts, and is also fiscally sustainable even in low income countries, its operational feasibility is considered to be weak. The study concludes that the case for a universal approach is weak. The best option appears to be to target the pension only to the poor among the elderly, keeping the benefit level low. The study underscores the need for more country-specific work to explore the feasibility of the recommended option in diverse country settings.
| Author | : Nanak Kakwani |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Aging |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Melis U. Guven |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 2006-11-10 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309180090 |
In sub-Saharan Africa, older people make up a relatively small fraction of the total population and are supported primarily by family and other kinship networks. They have traditionally been viewed as repositories of information and wisdom, and are critical pillars of the community but as the HIV/AIDS pandemic destroys family systems, the elderly increasingly have to deal with the loss of their own support while absorbing the additional responsibilities of caring for their orphaned grandchildren. Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa explores ways to promote U.S. research interests and to augment the sub-Saharan governments' capacity to address the many challenges posed by population aging. Five major themes are explored in the book such as the need for a basic definition of "older person," the need for national governments to invest more in basic research and the coordination of data collection across countries, and the need for improved dialogue between local researchers and policy makers. This book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings.
| Author | : Robert Holzmann |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2009-01-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0821379801 |
This title looks at water availability and water demand in various sectors, estimating the water gap today and through the year 2050. It presents a methodology to prioritise options to bridge the water gap, using the marginal cost of water approach.
| Author | : Jaco Hoffman |
| Publisher | : Policy Press |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2016-07-07 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1447325281 |
This collection of in-depth ethnographic analysis examines the impact of local and global transformations on the care, or lack of care, older people receive in Sub-Saharan Africa. This volume provides the pan-African evidence and analysis needed to move forward debates about how to address the long term care needs of this vulnerable population. Case studies from different regions of the continent (southern, central, east and west Africa) examine formal and informal care, including inter- and intra-generational care, retirement homes, care in the context of poverty, HIV/AIDS and migration.
| Author | : Isabella Aboderin |
| Publisher | : Transaction Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 2011-12-31 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1412809290 |
In most societies of the world, including in Africa, re- sponsibility for the material support of older people unable to sustain themselves through work or investments originally resided with their younger generational family members--especially their adult children. Aboderin explores this topic specifically for Africa. In the wake of social or economic change, societies experience shifts in the degree to which families support their elders. Questions about the proper balance of family and state responsibility, however, persist, especially in light of socio-demographic trends and constraints in public expenditure. In most of sub-Saharan Africa, in contrast to other world regions, economic security policies for older people have not yet been formulated, despite declines in material family support along with rising poverty to which a growing elderly population is exposed. In part, this betrays the crucial lack of understanding about how and why these shifts in support have occurred in African societies--and, thus, a profound uncertainty about what balance of individual, family, and state responsibilities will be culturally appropriate and effective in ensuring economic security for older Africans both now and in the future. Aboderin aims to address these gaps in understanding. She provides an empirical and theoretical analysis of the micro and macro level processes that have underpinned recent declines in old age family support in African societies and likely parameters of future familial support. She also addresses more fundamental theoretical questions about how we should think about the relationships between intergenerational support, norms and values, and societal change. Intergenerational Support in Africa will be of interest to students of African studies, economic policy and theory concerning eldercare, sociology, and social welfare development.
| Author | : Judith Randel |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 335 |
| Release | : 2017-07-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1134195532 |
'This timely report by HelpAge International sets out to establish some of the key social and political issues affecting older people's lives. It marks the first documentation of this information and I feel sure that it will be an important contribution to the growing debate' From the Foreword by Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General, World Health Organization The world's population is ageing. The majority of older people live in the developing world, where unprecedented growth in the number of older people has major implications for economies, health systems, housing, working patterns and family relationships. The Ageing and Development Report is the first extensive survey of the issues. Drawing on HelpAge International's long experience in over 60 countries, with contributions from world experts in the field, key themes such as community involvement, family life, health and well-being, poverty and exclusion, gender, migration and economic security are addressed. Case studies and statistics provide a comprehensive review of the condition of older people in the world's poorest countries. The Report argues for a fundamental shift in policy and opinion on ageing to reflect the real economic and social contributions of older people and enable them to retain their independence. It will be essential reading for development policy makers and practitioners in governmental and non-governmental agencies, demographers and gerontologists.
| Author | : Stephen Devereux |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 70 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Old age pensions |
| ISBN | : |
Documents the nature of the non-contributory state pension as well as the economic, demographic and social impacts during the years 1928-1999.
