Age-Related Changes in Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Function

Age-Related Changes in Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Function
Author: Daniel S. Talian
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2024
Genre: Aging
ISBN:

"Dizziness, imbalance, and falls—which result in an increased burden on both patients and the healthcare system—are seen at higher rates in older, compared to younger, adults and may stem from age-related vestibular degeneration. Currently, there is a lack of diagnostic tests capable of accurately identifying the age-related changes in vestibular function that may underlie these symptoms and, therefore, older adults may experience delays in diagnosis and treatment leading to reduced quality of life and increased healthcare utilization. The objective of the present study was to investigate alternate diagnostic stimulus parameters of current vestibular tests that may be better able to effectively differentiate between healthy younger and normal-aging older adults and, therefore, better assay age-related vestibular changes. To achieve this objective, the present study employed a non-experimental, group-comparisons design including 15 younger (M = 26.7 years of age, range = 22–38) and 15 older (M = 70.0 years of age, range = 60–83) healthy adults. The three rotational vestibular tests used for between-group comparisons were: constant angular acceleration (CAA), sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA), and the computerized rotational head impulse test (crHIT). Each test was completed at varying stimulus magnitudes and recorded outcomes related to vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function. Results from linear mixed effects models (LMEM) analyses showed statistically significant effects related to age group for both VOR gain and phase for the SHA test but not for the CAA or crHIT tests. For SHA VOR gain, there were statically significant effects for the two-way interaction of age group (younger vs. older) and frequency (0.01 vs. 0.16 Hz) as well as the three-way interaction of age group, frequency, and velocity (60 vs. 250 deg/s). For SHA phase, there was a statistically significant effect for the two-way interaction of age group and velocity. The magnitude of the effects were qualitatively compared, following standardization of the outcome parameters, and the two-way interaction effect of age group and velocity for the SHA phase outcome was larger than either interactions for the SHA VOR gain outcome; however, fit of the LMEM examining SHA phase was poorer than that for SHA VOR gain. Results suggest that the effect of age on VOR function is apparent at high velocity and mid-frequency SHA tests. Furthermore, the magnitude of these effects are larger for SHA phase than for SHA VOR gain; however, the magnitudes are somewhat similar and LMEM fit may impede this interpretation. These findings add important information to our understanding of how VOR function is affected by age for SHA, CAA, and crHIT tests. Additionally, these results provide direction for future research, especially for studies that seek to further investigate diagnostic tests that may better elucidate age-related changes in vestibular function to help decrease the burden of dizziness, imbalance, and falls on older adults as the findings suggest that SHA presented at a high velocity and mid-frequency may elucidate the effects of age on vestibular function. "--Abstract.

Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease

Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease
Author: Colin R Martin
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 608
Release: 2021-06-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128180013

Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease: The Neuroscience of Aging is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurological aging and associated disorders. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological aging and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the aging of neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. It also examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of age-related conditions that affect the brain, including Alzheimer's, stroke and multiple sclerosis. - Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of aging - Features sections on diagnosis and biomarkers of neurological aging, Alzheimer's and stroke - Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points in each chapter - Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations - Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

Psychology of Aging

Psychology of Aging
Author: Erin L. Woodhead, PhD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Total Pages: 351
Release: 2024-11-15
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0826166172

This multidimensional text on the psychology of aging prepares future professionals with unparalleled depth, fresh insights, and comprehensive coverage Crafted to equip students across disciplines with a comprehensive understanding of the psychology of aging, this text delves into the multidimensional facets of aging, spanning psychological, biological, and social dimensions. From neuroplasticity to health theories, readers are primed for careers intersecting with the older adult demographic, whether in research or healthcare. With updated content reflecting recent events and research—including the impact of COVID-19 and new chapters on the social context of aging—this edition provides fresh perspectives and insights. Written with the advanced level student in mind, this textbook stands out notably with its targeted focus on older adults. While others offer broad coverage across adult age ranges, this book delves exclusively into the complexities of aging, offering unparalleled depth and insight. With extensive coverage of critical topics such as changes to the brain, neuroimaging research methods, neurocognitive disorders, cultural nuances, and legal and ethical considerations, the text ensures a comprehensive understanding of aging psychology. What truly distinguishes the book is the expertise behind it—helmed by two editors deeply immersed in clinical practice, teaching, and research in aging, and bolstered by diverse perspectives from over 20 contributors. New to the Second Edition: Learning objectives at the start of each chapter guide student understanding. Updated case studies and content reflect recent research and events, including the latest DSM and the impact of COVID-19. New chapters on the social context of aging, models of aging, the aging body, and age-related illnesses offer fresh perspectives and insights. Key Features: Explores current issues in aging psychology comprehensively, from neuroimaging to intersectionality. Designed for interdisciplinary use, bridging the gap between theory and practice. Stimulates critical thinking with discussion questions at the end of every chapter. Enhanced instructor resources include an Instructor Manual, Sample Syllabi, chapter PowerPoints, and a Transition Guide from the first to second edition.

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders
Author: Jack S. Damico
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Total Pages: 4018
Release: 2019-03-01
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1506353339

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders is an in-depth encyclopedia aimed at students interested in interdisciplinary perspectives on human communication—both normal and disordered—across the lifespan. This timely and unique set will look at the spectrum of communication disorders, from causation and prevention to testing and assessment; through rehabilitation, intervention, and education. Examples of the interdisciplinary reach of this encyclopedia: A strong focus on health issues, with topics such as Asperger′s syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, anatomy of the human larynx, dementia, etc. Including core psychology and cognitive sciences topics, such as social development, stigma, language acquisition, self-help groups, memory, depression, memory, Behaviorism, and cognitive development Education is covered in topics such as cooperative learning, special education, classroom-based service delivery The editors have recruited top researchers and clinicians across multiple fields to contribute to approximately 640 signed entries across four volumes.

Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span - E-Book

Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span - E-Book
Author: Donna Joy Cech
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2023-11-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0323878954

Providing a solid foundation in the normal development of functional movement, Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span, 4th Edition helps you recognize and understand typical functional movement in individuals from infancy to older adulthood, providing a framework from which to identify movement disorders and effectively manage patients with abnormal motor function. Divided into three units, this edition describes 1) theoretical frameworks of development, motor control/motor learning, and health/wellness; 2) anatomical and physiological development of the body systems comprising the movement system (muscular, skeletal, cardiopulmonary, nervous, sensory, integumentary, and endocrine); and 3) life span description of the movement functions of posture, balance, locomotion, prehension, and fitness. This edition integrates themes of the movement system, life span development, and health/wellness, providing you with the most current information needed for clinical decision making and to be an effective practitioner. Written by physical therapy experts Donna J. Cech, Suzanne "Tink" Martin, and William Staples, this book provides the evidence-based information and tools needed to understand functional movement and manage patients' functional skills throughout the life span. Dr. Staples brings his expertise in geriatric physical therapy and exercise in aging, enriching content on aging throughout the book. - More than 200 illustrations, tables, and special features clarify developmental concepts, address clinical implications, and summarize key points relating to clinical practice. - A logical, easy-to-read format includes 13 chapters organized into three units covering the definition of functional movement, movement system contribution to functional movement across the life span, and functional movement outcomes. - A focus on evidence-based information covers development changes across the life span and how they impact function. - NEW! The movement system framework is incorporated throughout, as well as a focus on health and wellness. - NEW! Clinical Implication boxes help you apply information into a clinical framework. - Revised content throughout provides you with the most current information needed to be an effective practitioner. - Updated references ensure content is current and applicable for today's practice. - NEW! An ebook version is included with print purchase. The ebook allows you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes, and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Falls in Older People

Falls in Older People
Author: Stephen R. Lord
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 505
Release: 2021-11-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1108706088

A concise, up-to-date guide to the understanding, prevention and treatment of falls in older adults, covering recent advances in research.

Hearing Loss

Hearing Loss
Author: Robert Thayer Sataloff
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 633
Release: 2024-10-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1040117007

Covering all aspects of the anatomy, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hearing loss, this is an accessible and comprehensive text for all clinicians interested in expanding their knowledge of hearing loss. There have been many exciting developments in the nearly two decades since the fourth edition was published. This revised edition includes new material on cochlear biology, synaptopathy, regenerative therapy for sensorineural hearing loss, systemic causes of hearing loss such as autoimmune inner ear disease, advances in audiometry and aural rehabilitation, and many other topics. In addition, it contains expanded chapters on tinnitus, dizziness, and facial paralysis, as well as updated material on otoacoustic emissions, sudden hearing loss, hearing protection devices, temporal bone tumors, nutraceutical research, and hearing in dogs. The book is extensively augmented with case reports that illustrate important principles. The book is of value to otolaryngologists, general practitioners, pediatricians, residents, medical students, audiologists, nurses, audiometric technicians, attorneys, and other professionals with an interest in the ear and hearing.

Occupational Hearing Loss, Fourth Edition

Occupational Hearing Loss, Fourth Edition
Author: Robert Thayer Sataloff
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 911
Release: 2024-10-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1040118712

Now in its fourth edition, Occupational Hearing Loss delivers a complete overview of the hazards of occupational noise exposure, causes of hearing loss, testing of hearing, criteria to distinguish occupational hearing loss, and more. The book emphasizes medical and societal factors in its coverage of topics such as audiometry and who should do it, evoked response testing, and conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, as well as mixed, central, and functional hearing loss. Brought together by experienced practitioners and written by experts with depth and experience in the field, this book is written clearly in language accessible to non-medical personnel. No other book available has the breadth, practical detail, or comprehensive scope. A unique compendium of information about specific problems of occupational hearing loss and hearing conservation, the book is both a balanced reference and an easy-to-use guide to protecting the hearing of industrial workers. This title is an ideal read for any student or professional occupational physician, audiologist, health and safety engineer, industrial hygienist, and otolaryngologist.

Reichel's Care of the Elderly

Reichel's Care of the Elderly
Author: Jan Busby-Whitehead
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 821
Release: 2022-07-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1108943934

This eighth edition of Dr Reichel's formative text remains the go-to guide for practicing physicians and allied health staff confronted with the unique problems of an increasing elderly population. Fully updated and revised, it provides a practical guide for all health specialists, emphasizing the clinical management of the elderly patient with simple to complex problems. Featuring four new chapters and the incorporation of geriatric emergency medicine into chapters. The book begins with a general approach to the management of older adults, followed by a review of common geriatric syndromes, and proceeding to an organ-based review of care. The final section addresses principles of care, including care in special situations, psychosocial aspects of our aging society, and organization of care. Particular emphasis is placed on cost-effective, patient-centered care, including a discussion of the Choosing Wisely campaign. A must-read for all practitioners seeking practical and relevant information in a comprehensive format.