This manual is intended for use by all Army crewmembers in meeting requirements set forth in Army Regulation 95-1, Training Circular 1-210, and other appropriate aircrew training manuals. Lessons learned from previous military conflicts and recent contingency operations have caused changes in Army aviation doctrine. With the development of more sophisticated aircraft and weapons systems, Army crewmembers must be capable of operating these systems around the clock, in austere environments, and under adverse conditions. The hazards of stress and fatigue in combat operations and concept of operations will eventually take a toll in aircrew performance and could jeopardize mission accomplishment unless crewmembers are trained to recognize and understand these hazards. Proper training prepares crewmembers and prevents stress and fatigue from reducing mission effectiveness, thereby increasing their chances of survival. Training Circular 3-04.93 provides crewmembers with an understanding of the physiological responses that can occur in the aviation environment. It also describes the effects of the flight environment on individual mission accomplishment. In addition, this publication outlines essential aeromedical training requirements (in Chapter 1) that assist commanders and flight surgeons in conducting aeromedical education for Army crewmembers. Subject areas addressed are by no means all inclusive but are presented to assist crewmembers in increasing performance and efficiency. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.