Advancing Progress In The Development Of Combination Cancer Therapies With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
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| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 89 |
| Release | : 2019-10-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309490863 |
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the clinical development and use of various types of cancer immunotherapy, all of which rely on the immune system to fight cancer. The majority of new cancer drug applications submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are for immunotherapies or combinations involving immunotherapies. One type of immunotherapy is an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Cells in the human body have proteins that regulate the immune system response to foreign invaders (e.g., cancer cells, microorganisms). However, cancer cells can coopt these "checkpoint" proteins and thwart the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. To help promote an immune response to cancer, researchers have developed immune checkpoint inhibitors that enable T-cells to recognize cancer cells as foreign and to prevent deactivation of an immune system response. To examine the challenges and opportunities to develop combination cancer therapies that include immune checkpoint inhibitors, the National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop on July 16â€"17, 2018, in Washington, DC. This workshop convened stakeholders with a broad range of expertise, including cancer researchers, clinicians, patient advocates, and representatives from industry, academia, and government. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 145 |
| Release | : 2018-02-12 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309457971 |
Advances in cancer research have led to an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the development of cancer and how the immune system responds to cancer. This influx of research has led to an increasing number and variety of therapies in the drug development pipeline, including targeted therapies and associated biomarker tests that can select which patients are most likely to respond, and immunotherapies that harness the body's immune system to destroy cancer cells. Compared with standard chemotherapies, these new cancer therapies may demonstrate evidence of benefit and clearer distinctions between efficacy and toxicity at an earlier stage of development. However, there is a concern that the traditional processes for cancer drug development, evaluation, and regulatory approval could impede or delay the use of these promising cancer treatments in clinical practice. This has led to a number of effortsâ€"by patient advocates, the pharmaceutical industry, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)â€"to accelerate the review of promising new cancer therapies, especially for cancers that currently lack effective treatments. However, generating the necessary data to confirm safety and efficacy during expedited drug development programs can present a unique set of challenges and opportunities. To explore this new landscape in cancer drug development, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine developed a workshop held in December 2016. This workshop convened cancer researchers, patient advocates, and representatives from industry, academia, and government to discuss challenges with traditional approaches to drug development, opportunities to improve the efficiency of drug development, and strategies to enhance the information available about a cancer therapy throughout its life cycle in order to improve its use in clinical practice. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 118 |
| Release | : 2012-03-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309220645 |
Advances in biomedical research have increased our understanding of the complex nature of disease and the interaction of multiple molecular pathways involved in cancer. Combining investigational products early in their development is thought to be a promising strategy for identifying effective therapies. The IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop to discuss challenges and identify potential solutions to improve collaboration and advance the development of combination investigational cancer therapies.
| Author | : PATHAN AZHER KHAN |
| Publisher | : Pristyn Research Solutions |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2024-05-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 8197170134 |
This book comprehensively examines the landscape of immunotherapeutic modalities in cancer treatment, with a specific focus on Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other innovative approaches. The CAR T-cell therapy represents a groundbreaking approach wherein T-cells are genetically engineered to recognize and eradicate tumor cells expressing specific antigens. The book briefly discussed the clinical applications and challenges associated with CAR T-cell therapy, case studies highlighting its remarkable efficacy in malignancies, and emerging potential in solid tumors. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the treatment of various cancers by disrupting inhibitory signalling pathways and reinvigorating antitumor immune responses. This book explores the mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and challenges of immune checkpoint blockade, including strategies to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, it promises other innovative immunotherapeutic strategies, such as tumor vaccines, cytokine therapies, and adoptive cell transfer. Personalized Approaches emphasize their potential synergies and future directions in combination with existing modalities. Overall, this book provides insights into the evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing the significant strides made in improving patient outcomes and the ongoing efforts to optimize treatment efficacy and durability while minimizing adverse effects.
| Author | : Fumito Ito |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 400 |
| Release | : 2018-09-03 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0323549500 |
Get a quick, expert overview of the latest clinical information and guidelines for cancer checkpoint inhibitors and their implications for specific types of cancers. This practical title by Drs. Fumito Ito and Marc Ernstoff synthesizes the most up-to-date research and clinical guidance available on immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents this information in a compact, easy-to-digest resource. It’s an ideal concise reference for trainee and practicing medical oncologists, as well as those in research. Discusses the current understanding of how to best harness the immune system against different types of cancer at various stages. Helps you translate current research and literature into practical information for daily practice. Presents information logically organized by disease site. Covers tumor immunology and biology; toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; and future outlooks. Consolidates today’s available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.
| Author | : Afsheen Raza |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 214 |
| Release | : 2023-03-08 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 180356590X |
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - New Insights and Recent Progress explores a vast array of subjects related to immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents novel insights in this emerging field. Chapters address such topics as mechanistic approaches of emerging immune checkpoint inhibitors, their role in clinical and pre-clinical trials, the manipulation of the system by immune-related adverse events that hinder the utility of these immune molecules, and the predictive and prognostic aspects of these molecules as biomarkers of response in immunotherapy. The book is useful for students, clinicians, and scientists to gain updated information on managing patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
| Author | : Tim F. Greten |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2018-08-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9783319879116 |
In this book we provide insights into liver – cancer and immunology. Experts in the field provide an overview over fundamental immunological questions in liver cancer and tumorimmunology, which form the base for immune based approaches in HCC, which gain increasing interest in the community due to first promising results obtained in early clinical trials. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death in the United States. Treatment options are limited. Viral hepatitis is one of the major risk factors for HCC, which represents a typical “inflammation-induced” cancer. Immune-based treatment approaches have revolutionized oncology in recent years. Various treatment strategies have received FDA approval including dendritic cell vaccination, for prostate cancer as well as immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the CTLA4 or the PD1/PDL1 axis in melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer. Additionally, cell based therapies (adoptive T cell therapy, CAR T cells and TCR transduced T cells) have demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies and melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in particular have generated enormous excitement across the entire field of oncology, providing a significant benefit to a minority of patients.
| Author | : Paul D. Rennert |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 285 |
| Release | : 2016-05-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319298275 |
Cancer care is undergoing a radical transformation as novel technologies are directed toward new treatments and personalized medicine. The most dramatic advances in the treatment of cancer have come from therapeutics that augment the immune response to tumors. The immune checkpoint inhibitors are the best-known and most highly advanced examples of Immune Therapeutics targeting tumor cells and include approved antibody drugs directed at the cell surface proteins CTLA4 and PD-1. These are now considered foundational treatments for several solid tumor indications, and that list of indications is growing quickly. More broadly, antibodies have become workhorse molecules across the entire immunotherapy landscape. Antibodies to novel targets modulate the activity of diverse immune cell regulatory proteins. Engineered antibodies can induce tumor cell death or expose tumor cells to poisonous toxins (ADCC and ADC, respectively). Bi-specific antibodies can engage multiple tumor targets simultaneously, or can redirect lymphocytes to attack tumor cells. The antigen-binding domains within antibodies can be spliced onto cell stimulatory domains and transduced into T cells or NK cells, creating remarkable tumor-specific cellular therapeutics (CAR-T, CAR-NK). Beyond antibody-based therapies there are highly diverse and differentiated technology tool kits being applied to immunotherapy. Small molecule drugs are being developed to attack the tumor microenvironment, novel tumor vaccine approaches are showing great promise, patient lymphocytes are being isolated, expanded and reintroduced to patients, gene-editing techniques are becoming widely deployed, and a vast number of new tumor targets, and mutated tumor proteins (neoantigens), are being discovered. The past decade has seen unprecedented success in the treatment of diverse cancers. The authors of this volume have been asked to not only review progress to date, but importantly, to look ahead, and anticipate the evolution of cancer treatment across diverse Immune Therapeutic approaches. Our hypothesis is that the advances we are seeing across the immunotherapy landscape will further evolve and synergize, leading us finally to outright cures for many cancers.
| Author | : Owen A. O'Connor |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 501 |
| Release | : 2024-02-21 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1119824567 |
Presents timely and authoritative information on the development of precision cancer therapies as applied to hematologic malignancies The Precision Cancer Therapies series focuses on how to understand and translate fundamental basic science into information that can be directly applied to patients to advance care. Each volume of the series integrates the relevant biological concepts and principles necessary for translating this science to practitioners of this science. Precision Cancer Therapies, Volume Two, focuses on sophisticated immunotherapies targeting cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Edited and authored by the foremost authorities in the field, this comprehensive reference text covers targeting of cell surface receptors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), targeting immune checkpoint, targeting macrophages, EBV-directed immunotherapies, tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T). Divided into nine sections, Volume Two includes an overview of the history of immunotherapy development in cancer, as well as a concluding section addressing the mechanistic basis and role of immunomodulatory drugs, analytical tools to quantitate immune-mediated effects, and other topics in immunotherapy. Chapters on specific therapeutics or therapeutic classes include a basic explanation of the underlying pathway and target, the pharmacology of the drug/class, relevant preclinical and clinical data, and discussion of clinical management and potential predictive biomarkers of response. This book also: Delivers a definitive, state-of-the-art review of the relevant biology and its importance in the broader context of cancer biology Focuses on agents that mediate cell killing in lymphoma through a variety of immunologic mechanisms Covers FDA-approved drugs and their indications, as well as drugs currently in development Provides information on monotherapy and combination therapy, summary tables of trials, and discussion of toxicity and efficacy Includes boxed sections highlighting major unique points about the information in the chapter Precision Cancer Therapies, Volume Two: Immunologic Approaches for the Treatment of Lymphoid Malignancies, From Concept to Practice is an indispensable resource for medical, scientific, and allied medical professionals, advanced students, and interested general readers with background knowledge in the subject.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 135 |
| Release | : 2016-12-10 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 030944232X |
Immunotherapy is a form of cancer therapy that harnesses the body's immune system to destroy cancer cells. In recent years, immunotherapies have been developed for several cancers, including advanced melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. In some patients with metastatic cancers who have not responded well to other treatments, immunotherapy treatment has resulted in complete and durable responses. Given these promising findings, it is hoped that continued immunotherapy research and development will produce better cancer treatments that improve patient outcomes. With this promise, however, there is also recognition that the clinical and biological landscape for immunotherapies is novel and not yet well understood. For example, adverse events with immunotherapy treatment are quite different from those experienced with other types of cancer therapy. Similarly, immunotherapy dosing, therapeutic responses, and response time lines are also markedly different from other cancer therapies. To examine these challenges and explore strategies to overcome them, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in February and March of 2016. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
