Adaptive Signal Processing

Adaptive Signal Processing
Author: Jacob Benesty
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 366
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3662110288
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For the first time, a reference on the most relevant applications of adaptive filtering techniques. Top researchers in the field contributed chapters addressing applications in acoustics, speech, wireless and networking, where research is still very active and open.

Signal Processing for Mobile Communications Handbook

Signal Processing for Mobile Communications Handbook
Author: Mohamed Ibnkahla
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 872
Release: 2004-08-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0203496515
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In recent years, a wealth of research has emerged addressing various aspects of mobile communications signal processing. New applications and services are continually arising, and future mobile communications offer new opportunities and exciting challenges for signal processing. The Signal Processing for Mobile Communications Handbook provi

Wireless Multimedia Network Technologies

Wireless Multimedia Network Technologies
Author: Rajamani Ganesh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2006-04-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0306473305
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This book is a collection of invited papers that were presented at the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, September 5-8, 1998, Boston, MA. These papers are meant to provide a global view of the emerging third-generation wireless networks in the wake of the third millennium. Following the tradition of the PIMRC conferences, the papers are selected to strike a balance between the diverse interests of academia and industry by addressing issues of interest to the designers, manufacturers, and service providers involved in the wireless networking industry. The tradition of publishing a collection of the invited papers presented at the PIMRC started in PIMRC’97, Helsinki, Finland. There are two benefits to this tradition (1) it provides a shorter version of the proceedings of the conference that is more focused on a specific theme (2) the papers are comprehensive and are subject of a more careful review process to improve the contents as well as the presentation of the material, making it more appealing for archival as a reference book. The production costs of the book is subsidized by the conference and the editors have donated the royalty income of the book to the conference.

Third-Generation Systems and Intelligent Wireless Networking

Third-Generation Systems and Intelligent Wireless Networking
Author: J. S. Blogh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2002-04-29
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780470845196
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Of Non-Wraparound Network Performance -- Wrap-around Network Performance Results -- Performance Results over a LOS Channel -- Performance Results over a Multipath Channel -- Performance over a Multipath Channel using Power Control -- Performance of an AQAM based Network using Power Control -- UTRA, Adaptive Arrays and Adaptive Modulation -- Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access -- UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access -- Spreading and Modulation -- Common Pilot Channel -- Power Control -- Uplink Power Control -- Downlink Power Control -- Soft Handover -- Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio Calculations -- Downlink -- Uplink -- Multi-User Detection -- Simulation Results -- Simulation Parameters -- The Effect of Pilot Power on Soft Handover Results -- Fixed Received Pilot Power Thresholds without Shadowing -- Fixed Received Pilot Power Thresholds with 0.5 Hz Shadowing -- Fixed Received Pilot Power Thresholds with 1.0 Hz Shadowing -- Relative Received Pilot Power Thresholds without Shadowing -- Relative Received Pilot Power Thresholds with 0.5 Hz Shadowing -- Relative Received Pilot Power Thresholds with 1.0 Hz Shadowing -- E[subscript c]/I[subscript o] Power Based Soft Handover Results -- Fixed E[subscript c]/I[subscript o] Thresholds without Shadowing -- Fixed E[subscript c]/I[subscript o] Thresholds with 0.5 Hz Shadowing -- Fixed E[subscript c]/I[subscript o] Thresholds with 1.0 Hz Shadowing -- Relative E[subscript c]/I[subscript o] Thresholds without Shadowing.

Mobile Communications

Mobile Communications
Author: Hideichi Sasaoka
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2000
Genre: Mobile communication systems
ISBN: 9784274903809
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Cellular and mobile communication

Cellular and mobile communication
Author: Balamurali
Publisher: Balamurali
Total Pages: 190
Release:
Genre:
ISBN:
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Contents 1 Introductory Concepts 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Present Day Mobile Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Fundamental Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4.1 Radio Transmission Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 How a Mobile Call is Actually Made? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5.1 Cellular Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5.2 Operational Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5.3 Making a Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.6 Future Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 Modern Wireless Communication Systems 11 2.1 1G: First Generation Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 2G: Second Generation Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.1 TDMA/FDD Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.2 CDMA/FDD Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.3 2.5G Mobile Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3 3G: Third Generation Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 3G Standards and Access Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.2 3G W-CDMA (UMTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.3 3G CDMA2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3.4 3G TD-SCDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.4 Wireless Transmission Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.1 Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and LMDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.2 Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.3 Wireless Local Area Networks (W-LAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.4.4 WiMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4.5 Zigbee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4.6 Wibree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.5 Conclusion: Beyond 3G Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 The Cellular Engineering Fundamentals 23 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.2 What is a Cell? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.3 Frequency Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4 Channel Assignment Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.1 Fixed Channel Assignment (FCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.2 Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.5 Hando Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.5.1 Factors In uencing Hando s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.5.2 Hando s In Di erent Generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.3 Hando Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.5.4 A Few Practical Problems in Hando Scenario . . . . . . . . 33 3.6 Interference & System Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.6.1 Co-channel interference (CCI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.6.2 Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.7 Enhancing Capacity And Cell Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.7.1 The Key Trade-o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.7.2 Cell-Splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.7.3 Sectoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.7.4 Microcell Zone Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.8 Trunked Radio System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4 Free Space Radio Wave Propagation 54 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.2 Free Space Propagation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.3 Basic Methods of Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.3.1 Re ection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.3.2 Di raction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.3.3 Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.4 Two Ray Re ection Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.5 Di raction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.5.1 Knife-Edge Di raction Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.5.2 Fresnel Zones: the Concept of Di raction Loss . . . . . . . . 66 4.5.3 Knife-edge di raction model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.6 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.6.1 Log-distance Path Loss Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.6.2 Log Normal Shadowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.7 Outdoor Propagation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.7.1 Okumura Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.7.2 Hata Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.8 Indoor Propagation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.8.1 Partition Losses Inside a Floor (Intra- oor) . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.8.2 Partition Losses Between Floors (Inter- oor) . . . . . . . . . 73 4.8.3 Log-distance Path Loss Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.9 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5 Multipath Wave Propagation and Fading 75 5.1 Multipath Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.2 Multipath & Small-Scale Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.2.1 Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.2.2 Multipath Fading E ects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.2.3 Factors In uencing Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.3 Types of Small-Scale Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.3.1 Fading E ects due to Multipath Time Delay Spread . . . . . 77 5.3.2 Fading E ects due to Doppler Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.3.3 Doppler Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.3.4 Impulse Response Model of a Multipath Channel . . . . . . . 80 5.3.5 Relation Between Bandwidth and Received Power . . . . . . 82 5.3.6 Linear Time Varying Channels (LTV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.3.7 Small-Scale Multipath Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.4 Multipath Channel Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.4.1 Time Dispersion Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.4.2 Frequency Dispersion Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.5 Statistical models for multipath propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 5.5.1 NLoS Propagation: Rayleigh Fading Model . . . . . . . . . . 91 5.5.2 LoS Propagation: Rician Fading Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.5.3 Generalized Model: Nakagami Distribution . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.5.4 Second Order Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.6 Simulation of Rayleigh Fading Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.6.1 Clarke's Model: without Doppler E ect . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.6.2 Clarke and Gans' Model: with Doppler E ect . . . . . . . . . 96 5.6.3 Rayleigh Simulator with Wide Range of Channel Conditions 97 5.6.4 Two-Ray Rayleigh Faded Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.6.5 Saleh and Valenzuela Indoor Statistical Model . . . . . . . . 98 5.6.6 SIRCIM/SMRCIM Indoor/Outdoor Statistical Models . . . . 98 5.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 6 Transmitter and Receiver Techniques 101 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6.2 Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6.2.1 Choice of Modulation Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 6.2.2 Advantages of Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 6.2.3 Linear and Non-linear Modulation Techniques . . . . . . . . . 103 6.2.4 Amplitude and Angle Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.2.5 Analog and Digital Modulation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.3 Signal Space Representation of Digitally Modulated Signals . . . . . 104 6.4 Complex Representation of Linear Modulated Signals and Band Pass Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.5 Linear Modulation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.5.1 Amplitude Modulation (DSBSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.5.2 BPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.5.3 QPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.5.4 O set-QPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 6.5.5 =4 DQPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 6.6 Line Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 6.7 Pulse Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6.7.1 Nyquist pulse shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 6.7.2 Raised Cosine Roll-O Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.7.3 Realization of Pulse Shaping Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.8 Nonlinear Modulation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.8.1 Angle Modulation (FM and PM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.8.2 BFSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 6.9 GMSK Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 6.10 GMSK Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 6.11 Two Practical Issues of Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 6.11.1 Inter Channel Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 6.11.2 Power Ampli er Nonlinearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 6.12 Receiver performance in multipath channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 6.12.1 Bit Error Rate and Symbol Error Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 6.13 Example of a Multicarrier Modulation: OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 6.13.1 Orthogonality of Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 6.13.2 Mathematical Description of OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 6.14 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 6.15 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 7 Techniques to Mitigate Fading E ects 129 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 7.2 Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 7.2.1 A Mathematical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 7.2.2 Zero Forcing Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 7.2.3 A Generic Adaptive Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 7.2.4 Choice of Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization . . . . . . . . 134 7.3 Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 7.3.1 Di erent Types of Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 7.4 Channel Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7.4.1 Shannon's Channel Capacity Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7.4.2 Block Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 7.4.3 Convolutional Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7.4.4 Concatenated Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 7.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 7.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 8 Multiple Access Techniques 157 8.1 Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communication . . . . . . . 157 8.1.1 Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 8.1.2 Wideband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 8.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 8.2.1 FDMA/FDD in AMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 8.2.2 FDMA/TDD in CT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 8.2.3 FDMA and Near-Far Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 8.3 Time Division Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 8.3.1 TDMA/FDD in GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 8.3.2 TDMA/TDD in DECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 8.4 Spread Spectrum Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 8.4.1 Frequency Hopped Multiple Access (FHMA) . . . . . . . . . 163 8.4.2 Code Division Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 8.4.3 CDMA and Self-interference Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 8.4.4 CDMA and Near-Far Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 8.4.5 Hybrid Spread Spectrum Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 8.5 Space Division Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 8.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 8.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167