Abiogenesis
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Author | : Paul F. Kisak |
Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages | : 180 |
Release | : 2016-08-12 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781537072906 |
Abiogenesis has become a maturing field of study as an alternative to the creationist or intelligent design theory of the origin of life on earth. Abiogenesis, Biopoiesis or OoL (Origins of Life), is the natural process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. It is thought to have occurred on Earth between 3.8 and 4.1 billion years ago. Abiogenesis is studied through a combination of laboratory experiments and extrapolation from the characteristics of modern organisms, and aims to determine how pre-life chemical reactions gave rise to life on Earth. The study of abiogenesis involves geophysical, chemical, and biological considerations, with more recent approaches attempting a synthesis of all three. Many approaches investigate how self-replicating molecules, or their components, came into existence. It is generally thought that current life on Earth is descended from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed. The classic Miller-Urey experiment and similar research demonstrated that most amino acids, the basic chemical constituents of the proteins used in all living organisms, can be synthesized from inorganic compounds under conditions intended to replicate those of the early Earth. Various external sources of energy that may have triggered these reactions have been proposed, including lightning and radiation. Other approaches ("metabolism-first" hypotheses) focus on understanding how catalysis in chemical systems on the early Earth might have provided the precursor molecules necessary for self-replication. Complex organic molecules have been found in the Solar System and in interstellar space, and these molecules may have provided starting material for the development of life on Earth. The panspermia hypothesis alternatively suggests that microscopic life was distributed to the early Earth by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies and that life may exist throughout the Universe. Given the revised and more accurate models of "The Drake Equation" and the knowledge gained on the Tardigrade species, it is very probable that some simple form of life has been deposited on earth via asteroids, meteorites or some similar phenomena. It is speculated that the biochemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the age of the universe was only 10 to 17 million years. The panspermia hypothesis therefore answers questions of where, not how, life came to be; it only postulates that life may have originated in a locale outside the Earth. Currently, Earth remains the only place in the Universe observed to harbor life, and fossil evidence from the Earth supplies most studies of abiogenesis. Precambrian stromatolites were found in the Siyeh Formation of The Glacier National Park. A paper in the scientific journal "Nature" 2002 suggested that these 3.5 Ga (billion years) old geological formations contain fossilized cyanobacteriamicrobes. This suggests they are evidence of one of the earliest known life forms on Earth. The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years; the earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago, and possibly as early as the Eoarchean Era, after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. Microbial mat fossils have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of biogenic substances includes graphite discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in southwestern Greenland, as well as "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth ... then it could be common in the universe." This book discusses the various methods and Evidence for the development of life on Earth by natural means.
Author | : Rob Stadler |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 268 |
Release | : 2020-03-13 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781734183702 |
Spontaneous generation of living organisms-life arising without progenitor or seed-was a common belief in the time of Aristotle. Over the next two thousand years, support for spontaneous generation slowly retreated to its final stronghold: spontaneous formation of the first living organism. From recently acquired insights into the complexity of the simplest organisms, Tan and Stadler specify requirements for spontaneous formation of life and evaluate the prospects for natural processes to satisfy these requirements. The Stairway to Life is a thought-provoking inquiry that breaches the final stronghold of spontaneous generation.
Author | : John Macaulay |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 187 |
Release | : 2018-12-18 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781791939618 |
Abiogenesis' Biogenesis is a work of Christian Faith, Apologetics, and basic Theology in Hellenistic religio-philosophical tradition that explains Science and Christian logic from an objective perspective in very simple terms. It is full of information on the history of scientific thought or methodology and Darwinian evolution ideology. This work opens with a simple definition of the Bible then proceeds to address: the recurrent creation-evolution controversy, popular misconceptions of the relationship between Religion and Science, and the conflict between atheist and religious views of scientists on the origins of the universe and life.The book presents the Judeo-Christian concept of God, Biblical Cosmology, and important basic concepts of Physics, Chemistry, and Genetics in a simple easy-to-read format with several quotations and citations from Scripture, prominent scientists, philosophers, and Theologians. It is a good handbook for the practicing Christian, lover of wisdom, and any Truth-seeking agnostic.
Author | : Addy Pross |
Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
Total Pages | : 224 |
Release | : 2012-09-27 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0191650897 |
Seventy years ago, Erwin Schrödinger posed a profound question: 'What is life, and how did it emerge from non-life?' This problem has puzzled biologists and physical scientists ever since. Living things are hugely complex and have unique properties, such as self-maintenance and apparently purposeful behaviour which we do not see in inert matter. So how does chemistry give rise to biology? What could have led the first replicating molecules up such a path? Now, developments in the emerging field of 'systems chemistry' are unlocking the problem. Addy Pross shows how the different kind of stability that operates among replicating molecules results in a tendency for chemical systems to become more complex and acquire the properties of life. Strikingly, he demonstrates that Darwinian evolution is the biological expression of a deeper, well-defined chemical concept: the whole story from replicating molecules to complex life is one continuous process governed by an underlying physical principle. The gulf between biology and the physical sciences is finally becoming bridged. This new edition includes an Epilogue describing developments in the concepts of fundamental forms of stability discussed in the book, and their profound implications. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.
Author | : Kaitlyn O'Connor |
Publisher | : CreateSpace |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2010-07-09 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781452807911 |
Reuel CO469 is tall, dark, and infinitely dangerous. His is the face that launched a million flyers. He is the first of his kind, the first cyborg to go rogue, the leader of all who'd come after him, and the only rogue nobody has ever come close to catching. From the moment Dalia first sets eyes on him, she knows she is lost. She can no more resist his dark allure than she can cease to breathe. Rating: Graphic violence, graphic sex, explicit language, profanity, menage a trois, bondage, self sex, and exhibitionism. This is the story of a woman's love for two very different men.
Author | : James E. Strick |
Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
Total Pages | : 297 |
Release | : 2009-06-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0674044088 |
How, asks James E. Strick, could spontaneous generation--the idea that living things can suddenly arise from nonliving materials--come to take root for a time (even a brief one) in so thoroughly unsuitable a field as British natural theology? No less an authority than Aristotle claimed that cases of spontaneous generation were to be observed in nature, and the idea held sway for centuries. Beginning around the time of the Scientific Revolution, however, the doctrine was increasingly challenged; attempts to prove or disprove it led to important breakthroughs in experimental design and laboratory techniques, most notably sterilization methods, that became the cornerstones of modern microbiology and sped the ascendancy of the germ theory of disease. The Victorian debates, Strick shows, were entwined with the public controversy over Darwin's theory of evolution. While other histories of the debates between 1860 and 1880 have focused largely on the experiments of John Tyndall, Henry Charlton Bastian, and others, Sparks of Life emphasizes previously understudied changes in the theories that underlay the debates. Strick argues that the disputes cannot be understood without full knowledge of the factional infighting among Darwinians themselves, as they struggled to create a socially and scientifically viable form of Darwinian science. He shows that even the terms of the debate, such as biogenesis, usually but incorrectly attributed to Huxley, were intensely contested.
Author | : Andrew Crosse |
Publisher | : Book Shed |
Total Pages | : 60 |
Release | : 2015-04-22 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781943392001 |
This book contains the original experiment by Andrew Crosse in the 19th century, along with a successful replication of his experiment by the London Electrical Society: In the year of 1837 Andrew Crosse endeavored to create synthetic crystal formations with silicates, water, and electricity. A couple weeks into the experiment, Crosse saw tiny crystal nucleations. Success, he thought. But, in the weeks to come he would notice something revolutionary. These crystal formations were developing the exact anatomy of an insect from the genus acarus! Eventually, these insect mineralizations dislodged from their rocky birthplace and began moving around. They even responded to external stimulus, such as light, implying that they developed some sort of sensory ability. When Crosse shared his results with the local community, an outrage ensued. "Only God can create" yelled the angry community. Ironically, Crosse had given evidence that life could be created from dirt, thus supporting the notion of creationism. Even more interesting, the initial conditions in Crosse's experiment are similar to those in Genesis; earth, water, and electricity: 1. The earth (Genesis 1:1) is comprised of about 70% silicates in its crust. 2. Water (Genesis 1:2). 3. Electricity is implied when light becomes present (Genesis 1:3), because light is electromagnetic radiation. Electricity is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Crosse demonstrated that life can arise from ways we have yet to understand through modern science. Many laugh and say his experiment was simply infested with the ova of the described insect. Crosse discusses his various methods of aseptic technique which insist that this was not the case. Even more convincing, his experiment was successfully recreated by William H Weekes of the London Electrical Society. Both Crosse's and Weekes' full experiment are contained within this book. Weekes' recreation took further precautions in ensuring that there was no biological infestation occuring. Regardless of any implications regarding the creation of life, this is a truly amazing experiment that deserves to be known by every person seeking answers to life's grandest questions. Many will wonder why more people don't know about this. My best guess is because it is inexplicable. It is as if life is encoded in electricity, or rather, light.
Author | : Eric Smith |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 703 |
Release | : 2016-03-31 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 1107121884 |
Uniting the foundations of physics and biology, this groundbreaking multidisciplinary and integrative book explores life as a planetary process.
Author | : Nick Lane |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Cells |
ISBN | : 9781781250372 |
A game-changing book on the origins of life, called the most important scientific discovery 'since the Copernican revolution' in The Observer.
Author | : Manasvi Lingam |
Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
Total Pages | : 1089 |
Release | : 2021-06-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0674987578 |
A rigorous and scientific analysis of the myriad possibilities of life beyond our planet. ÒAre we alone in the universe?Ó This tantalizing question has captivated humanity over millennia, but seldom has it been approached rigorously. Today the search for signatures of extraterrestrial life and intelligence has become a rapidly advancing scientific endeavor. Missions to Mars, Europa, and Titan seek evidence of life. Laboratory experiments have made great strides in creating synthetic life, deepening our understanding of conditions that give rise to living entities. And on the horizon are sophisticated telescopes to detect and characterize exoplanets most likely to harbor life. Life in the Cosmos offers a thorough overview of the burgeoning field of astrobiology, including the salient methods and paradigms involved in the search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence. Manasvi Lingam and Abraham Loeb tackle three areas of interest in hunting for life Òout thereÓ: first, the pathways by which life originates and evolves; second, planetary and stellar factors that affect the habitability of worlds, with an eye on the biomarkers that may reveal the presence of microbial life; and finally, the detection of technological signals that could be indicative of intelligence. Drawing on empirical data from observations and experiments, as well as the latest theoretical and computational developments, the authors make a compelling scientific case for the search for life beyond what we can currently see. Meticulous and comprehensive, Life in the Cosmos is a master class from top researchers in astrobiology, suggesting that the answer to our age-old question is closer than ever before.