The South China Sea (SCS) is the linkage between the western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Its weather/climate variations are regarded as an important factor influencing social and economic development. The SCS and its surrounding regions suffer from various weather disasters (e.g., typhoons, extreme rainfall, sea fog, severe convection, tornado, and wind hazards), which are serious threats to life and property. As such, accurate nowcasting is life-critical in this area. However, it is still a worldwide challenge to improve the forecast accuracy due to less understanding of the formation mechanism, evolution pattern, internal structure, and physical processes. As a dominant physical process, the ocean-atmosphere interaction plays an important role in affecting the weather/climate system and disasters over the SCS and surrounding regions, particularly vertical mixing between the interface of ocean and atmosphere. This research topic aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the physical processes related to these disasters, applications of data assimilation, and the development of forecasting techniques, which are essential to enhance disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. In addition, in-depth research of these disasters and their impacts could help to uncover the hazard-causing characteristics and establish a corresponding risk assessment system.