Historically, Congress has maintained an interest in encouraging State Compensatory Education (sce) programs that are similar in purpose to Chapter 1. To date, no nationally respresentative data have been reported regarding the prevalence and nature of sce programs in schools. In an effort to address this situation, this report synthesizes findings from the National Assessment of Chapter 1 studies. The report provides recent, nationally representative data that bear on the following questions: (1) How are districts and schools selected to operate sce programs? (2) What is the distribution of sce programs in Chapter 1 and non-Chapter 1 schools, and in schools with varying levels of poverty? (3) What within-school selection practices are used to determine which grades and students are served by sce? (4) What services do sce programs provide? And (5) How do these services compare with Chapter 1 services? Several surveys and studies conducted for the National Assessment of Chapter 1, including the School Survey, the District Survey, the Targeting Study, the Resource Allocation Study, and the Program Design Study, provide the basic data for the report. Appendix a lists states included in the samples of sce school principals and teachers. Appendix b describes school and district survey samples and standard error calculations. Also included are support tables for figures and tables in the report and a list of standard errors for 38 text citations that do not appear in tables. (Rh).