John Merbecke (c. 1505 c. 1585) is most famous as the composer of the first musical setting of the English liturgy, "The booke of Common Praier Noted" ("BCPN"), published in 1550. Not only was Merbecke a pioneer in setting English prose to music but also the compiler of the first "Concordance of the whole English Bible" (1550) and of the first English encyclopaedia of biblical and theological studies, "A Booke of Notes and Common Places" (1581). By situating Merbecke and his work within a broader intellectual and religiocultural context of Tudor England, this book challenges the existing studies of Merbecke based on the narrow theological approach to the Reformation. Furthermore, it suggests a rethinking of the prevailing interpretative framework of Reformation musical history.On the basis of the new contextual study of Merbecke, this book seeks to reinterpret his work, particularly "BCPN," in the light of humanist rhetoric. It sees Merbecke as embodying the ideal of the 'Christianmusical orator', demonstrating that "BCPN" is an Anglican epitome of the Erasmian synthesis of eloquence, theology and music. The book thus depicts Merbecke as a humanist reformer, through reevaluation of his contributions to the developments of vernacular music and literature in early modern England. As such it will be of interest, not only to church musicians, but also to historians of the Reformation and students of wider Tudor culture.