The Ichneumonoidea is a vast and important superfamily ofparasitic wasps, with some 60,000 described species and estimatednumbers far higher, especially for small-bodied tropical taxa. Thesuperfamily comprises two cosmopolitan families - Braconidae andIchneumonidae - that have largely attracted separate groups ofresearchers, and this, to a considerable extent, has meant thatunderstanding of their adaptive features has often been consideredin isolation. This book considers both families, highlightingsimilarities and differences in their adaptations. The classification of the whole of the Ichneumonoidea, along withmost other insect orders, has been plagued by typology wherebyundue importance has been attributed to particular characters indefining groups. Typology is a common disease of traditionaltaxonomy such that, until recently, quite a lot of taxa have beenassociated with the wrong higher clades. The sheer size of thegroup, and until the last 30 or so years, lack of accessibleidentification materials, has been a further impediment to researchon all but a handful of ‘lab rat’ species usuallycultured initially because of their potential in biologicalcontrol. New evidence, largely in the form of molecular data, have shownthat many morphological, behavioural, physiological and anatomicalcharacters associated with basic life history features,specifically whether wasps are ecto- or endoparasitic, or idiobiontor koinobiont, can be grossly misleading in terms of the phylogenythey suggest. This book shows how, with better supportedphylogenetic hypotheses entomologists can understand far more aboutthe ways natural selection is acting upon them. This new book also focuses on this superfamily with which theauthor has great familiarity and provides a detailed coverage ofeach subfamily, emphasising anatomy, taxonomy andsystematics, biology, as well as pointing out the importance andresearch potential of each group. Fossil taxa are included and italso has sections on biogeography, global species richness, culturing and rearing andpreparing specimens for taxonomic study. The book highlights areaswhere research might be particularly rewarding and suggestssystems/groups that need investigation. The author provides a largecompendium of references to original research on each group. Thisbook is an essential workmate for all postgraduates and researchersworking on ichneumonoid or other parasitic wasps worldwide. It willstand as a reference book for a good number of years, and whilerapid advances in various fields such as genomics and hostphysiological interactions will lead to new information, as anoverall synthesis of the current state it will stay relevant for along time.