Section I. the turfgrass industry: Turfgrass science-Historical overview, the turfgrass industry, Artificial turf; Section II. turfgrass physiology, Ecological aspects of turf communities, Energy relations and carbohydrate partitioning in turfgrasses, Salinity and turfgrass culture, Physiological effects of temperature stress, Shade and turfgrass culture, Effects of traffic on turfgrass; Selection III. soils and water: Soils, soil mixtures, and soil amendments, Nutricional requirements and fertilization, Water requirements and irrigation; Section IV. management: Energy conservation and efficient turfgrass maintenance; Integrated pest management, Turfgrass management operations, Plant growth regulators and turfgrass management; Section V. research methods:Field research, Controlled environment research methods for turs, Research methods and approaches to the study of diseases in turfgrasses,Methods of research in turfgrass entomology, Turfgrass weed science research methods, Breeding improved turfgrasses.