The Oneida Indians, already weakened by their participation in the Civil War, faced the possibility of losing their reservation—their community’s greatest crisis since its resettlement in Wisconsin after the War of 1812. The Oneida Indians in the Age of Allotment, 1860–1920 is the first comprehensive study of how the Oneida Indians of Wisconsin were affected by the Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887, the Burke Act of 1906, and the Federal Competency Commission, created in 1917. Editors Laurence M. Hauptman and L. Gordon McLester III draw on the expertise of historians, anthropologists, and archivists, as well as tribal attorneys, educators, and elders to clarify the little-understood transformation of the Oneida reservation during this era. Sixteen WPA narratives included in this volume tell of Oneida struggles during the Civil War and in boarding schools; of reservation leaders; and of land loss and other hardships under allotment. This book represents a unique collaborative effort between one Native American community and academics to present a detailed picture of the Oneida Indian past.