9 Gender Trade Liberalization And The Multilateral Trading System
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| Author | : Mariama Williams |
| Publisher | : Commonwealth Secretariat |
| Total Pages | : 538 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780850927368 |
Overview of the Multilateral Trading System (MTS) and the globalisation process (with a focus on the WTO); gender and governance in the Multilateral Trading System (MTS); gender and trade issues with a focus on the Agreement on Agriculture (AOA); General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) and Government procurement; Proposed action plan, including recommendations for actions on the key issues and identification of strategies that could be played by different stakeholders, governments, intergovernmental organisation and civil society.
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| Total Pages | : 0 |
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The 'Shadow' History of the Multilateral Trading System: From GATT to the WTO An important justification for an African perspective in the analysis of trade liberalization and the MTS derives from the history of GATT and the establishment of the WTO. [...] In particular, the influence of the negotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) during the same period as the URA, together with continued pressure by the US since 1982 (TWN 2001:31), resulted in the extension of the GATT system to areas such as intellectual property, services and investment measures after the conclusion of the URA and the establishment of the WTO in 1995. [...] The Conventional Theory and Associated Myths of 'Free Trade' The Assumptions of the Conventional Trade Theory The principle of comparative advantage is one of the pillars of the conventional trade theory. [...] Central Findings of the Impact of Trade and Investment Liberalization on Women and Gender Equality Some of the studies on the impact of export-oriented industrialization on the gender composition of the labour force have found that women's participation has risen globally, but that differences exist not only between developed and developing countries, but also between Africa and the rest of the wo. [...] The Status of the Debate It is important to situate the debate in the context of the evolution within the women's movement, so as to identify the key players and the different interests that are involved.
| Author | : Mariama Williams |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Free trade |
| ISBN | : 9781848598003 |
The social dimension of trade policy and trade liberalization is now a common topic in many official trade fora. This discussion is proceeding with little or no attention to the different needs, constraints and interests of women. This handbook provides an integrated framework for a sustainable, propoor and gendersensitive approach to trade policymaking. It is an information and training tool for policymakers and intergovernmental and civil society organisations interested in building and enhancing their knowledge of the important linkages between trade and investment policy and gender equality objectives and priorities. It also presents recommendations on the key issues as well as the identification of strategies that could be utilized by different stakeholders. Each section includes case studies from Commonwealth countries.
| Author | : Catherine Atthill |
| Publisher | : Commonwealth Secretariat |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2007-06-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0850928621 |
Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "case studies, activities, training suggestions and recommended readings."--Page 4 of cover.
| Author | : Caren Grown |
| Publisher | : Zed Books Ltd. |
| Total Pages | : 292 |
| Release | : 2013-07-18 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1848137923 |
Around the world, policymakers and civil society are debating how economic and trade policies shape public health. This edited collection adds a new dimension to this debate. It synthesizes research from a variety of disciplines to analyse how the liberalization of international trade affects reproductive health and rights. Case studies from Mexico, Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and Egypt illuminate how trade-related changes in women’s employment influence their reproductive needs and capacities. The book demonstrates how global and national trade policies affect the quality, quantity, and cost of reproductive health services. Contributors also explore the implications of the World Trade Organization and the various trade agreements under its purview for reproductive health services and rights. Ultimately, this collection addresses the key policy issues for advocates of both reproductive health and rights and economic justice, and shows how trade agreements weighted against the poor in the South have very specific gendered consequences. This book is aimed at an inter-disciplinary audience of economists, public health professionals, demographers, sociologists, anthropologists, and women’s studies specialists. It will also be of interest to policymakers and representatives of civil society organizations working on health, economic justice, and employment issues.
| Author | : Anh-Nga Tran-Nguyen |
| Publisher | : United Nations Publications |
| Total Pages | : 512 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Equal rights between men and women are enshrined as a fundamental human right in the UN Charter, and reflected in various internationally agreed instruments, such as the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Although there has been notable progress in some areas, in most nations women are still at a disadvantage in terms of their role and position in the economic and political arenas. This publication examines the gender dimension of trade and seeks to identify policy challenges and responses to promote gender equality in light of increasing globalisation. Issues discussed include: economics of gender equality, international trade and development; multilateral negotiations on agriculture in developing countries; gender-related issues in the textiles and clothing sectors; international trade in services; gender and the TRIPS Agreement; the impact of WTO rules on gender equality; human rights aspects; fair trade initiatives; the role of IT in promoting gender equality, the Gender Trade Impact Assessment and trade reform.
| Author | : Mariama Williams |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : |
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| Author | : World Bank;World Trade Organization |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2020-09-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464815569 |
Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
| Author | : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 164 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
| Author | : Pierre Sauve |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 246 |
| Release | : 2003-08-29 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0821383434 |
Trade in services, far more than trade in goods, is affected by a variety of domestic regulations, ranging from qualification and licensing requirements in professional services to pro-competitive regulation in telecommunications services. Experience shows that the quality of regulation strongly influences the consequences of trade liberalization. WTO members have agreed that a central task in the ongoing services negotiations will be to develop a set of rules to ensure that domestic regulations support rather than impede trade liberalization. Since these rules are bound to have a profound impact on the evolution of policy, particularly in developing countries, it is important that they be conducive to economically rational policy-making. This book addresses two central questions: What impact can international trade rules on services have on the exercise of domestic regulatory sovereignty? And how can services negotiations be harnessed to promote and consolidate domestic policy reform across highly diverse sectors? The book, with contributions from several of the world's leading experts in the field, explores a range of rule-making challenges arising at this policy interface, in areas such as transparency, standards and the adoption of a necessity test for services trade. Contributions also provide an in-depth look at these issues in the key areas of accountancy, energy, finance, health, telecommunications and transportation services.
